| Gravel mulch technology is a traditional farming technique, due to its inhibition of soil water evaporation, soil moisture, modified soil environment, increasing yield and income effect of storage, gravel mulch is widely used in arid and semi-arid area agricultural production practice. In this paper through the outdoor shed soil column cultivation experiment,set 0(CK), 23, 46, 66kg/m2 four groups of coated sand thickness, each set for wheat(W) and don’t grow wheat(S), at the same time set four different wheat varieties(Xinong 979(wh1),Xiaoyan 22(wh2), Xigao No.2(wh3), Pumai No.9(wh4)) treatment each treatment set was repeated three times. The soil moisture transport rule and the growth and development of Winter Wheat under different sand and gravel coverage were analyzed, and the difference of growth characteristics and yield of different wheat varieties were compared and analyzed.Draw the following conclusion:(1) Sand and gravel mulching can significantly affect the dynamic change of soil moisture, soil moisture content changes. In 0 ~ 66kg/m2 of sand layer thickness range of soil moisture content increased with the increase of the thickness of the covering increases, and coverage increases, the average soil water content was higher, the soil evaporation reducing effect is more obvious; gravel mulch also had significant effects on soil water content distribution in the 0~66kg/m2 sand layer thickness range increase the inhibitory effect of gravel mulch, soil evaporation decreased with soil depth, and coverage increases, increase its inhibitory effect on soil evaporation with soil depth decreased more obviously, in this experiment 0~45cm soil depth, gravel mulch is more significant on the 0~15cm soil evaporation the effect of the soil, the greater change of soil moisture, and with sand layer thickness increases the effect of the more significant.(2) Sand mulching could significantly inhibit the evaporation of soil. During the whole growth period of wheat in different sand gravel coverage under the condition of the cumulative evapotranspiration and time showed a linear relationship, coverage respectively0kg/m2(CK), 23kg/m2, 46kg/m2, 66kg/m2 and time of fitting relationship between the correlation coefficient R2 between 0.9865 to 0.9895. Fitting equation slope were Kck > k23 >K46 > K66, shows the cumulative evapotranspiration with time increase rate with gravel mulchthickness decreases with increasing, the sand covering on soil cumulative evapotranspiration of inhibitory effect increases with the increase of the thickness of the cover.(3) Sand and gravel mulching can be ahead of the winter wheat phenology(except for the seedling stage), shorten the duration of the growth period. In the range of 0~66kg/m2 coverage, the greater the thickness, the shorter the duration of winter wheat phenology, the shorter the duration. The phenology of different wheat varieties under the same sand and gravel cover was not the same, and the wh1, wh2, wh3 and wh4 showed a trend in the early stage.(4) Gravel mulch can significantly improve winter wheat plant height, increase the winter wheat leaf area index. In 0~66kg/m2 thickness of the covering range, with the increase of the thickness of the covering, the more significant to enhance the effect of winter wheat plant height, leaf area index increased more. The plant height and leaf area index of wh1, wh2,wh3, wh4 four varieties of wheat plant height under the same mulching conditions showed a trend of increasing in turn.(5) Sand and gravel cover can effectively improve the number of winter wheat, grain weight and yield. In the range of 0~66kg/m2, the effect is more obvious with the increase of covering thickness. Under the same coverage, the yield of four varieties of wh1, wh2, wh3 and wh4 increased gradually.(6) Sand and gravel mulching could effectively improve the water use efficiency of winter wheat, and the water use efficiency increased with the increase of sand content in the range of 0 ~ 66kg/m2... |
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