| The niche theory has been successfully used to explain competition mechanisms among the coexisting species in natural communities, which is significant for understanding of the coupling between plant community construction and environmental factors. The species diversity and community structure of typical forest communities were investigated and studied,can provide data support for the correct understanding of the occurrence and succession of forest communities. At the same time, it provides a scientific basis for revealing the mechanism of biodiversity maintenance and coexistence and the restoration and reconstruction of forest ecosystem in hilly red soil region of southern China. In this study, three typical forest communities of Coniferous forest, Broad-leaved forest and Coniferous and broad-leaved mixed forest in hilly red soil region of southern China were studied. Use of alpha diversity index, Levins niche breadth, Pianka overlap index and Niche similarity formula of Coniferous forest, Broad-leaved forest and Coniferous and broad-leaved mixed forest community tree layer, shrub layer and herb layer species diversity and dominant species, the niche characteristics of the quantitative research. The results showed:(1)In the tree layer, the change trend of Patrick richness index (S) and Margalef species richness index (R) roughly the same, order were:Broad-leaved forest> Coniferous and broad-leaved mixed forest> Coniferous forest; Simpson diversity index (D) and Shannon Wiener diversity index (H), Pielou evenness index (Jsi) and Pielou evenness index (Jsw) the change trend of roughly the same, and the order is: Coniferous and broad-leaved mixed forest> Broad-leaved forest> Coniferous forest. In the shrub layer, Patrick richness index (S) of the order:Coniferous and broad-leaved mixed forest> Broad-leaved forest> Coniferous forest, the sequence in which the Margalef species richness index (R):Broad-leaved forest> Coniferous and broad-leaved mixed forest> Coniferous forest; Simpson diversity index (D) and Shannon Wiener diversity index (H), Pielou evenness index (Jsi) and Pielou evenness index (Jsw) the change trend of roughly the same, and order are:Coniferous and broad-leaved mixed forest> Broad-leaved forest> Coniferous forest. In herb layer, Patrick richness index (S) of the order is:Coniferous Forest> Broad-leaved forest> Coniferous and broad-leaved mixed forest, the sequence in which the Margalef species richness index (R):Coniferous Forest> Coniferous and broad-leaved mixed forest> Broad-leaved forest; Simpson diversity index (D) and Shannon Wiener diversity index (H), Pielou evenness index (Jsi) and Pielou evenness index (Jsw) the change trend of roughly the same, and the order were:Coniferous Forest> Broad-leaved forest> Coniferous and broad-leaved mixed forest.(2) The coniferous forests in tree layer niche breadth value from large to small in turn for Pinus massoniana> Cunninghamia lanceolata> Cyclobalanopsis glauca> Liquidambar formosana> Camellia japonica, shrub layer niche breadth value from large to small in turn for Loropetalum chinensis> Quercus fabri> Cyclobalanopsis glauca> Camellia oleifera> Dalbergia hupeana, herb layer mainly population niche breadth from large to small in turn for Saccharum arundinaceum> Tetrastigma formosanum> Dryopteridaceae> Lophatherum gracile> Dicranopteris dichotoma. Broadleaf forest community in tree layer niche breadth value from large to small in turn for Choerospondias axillaris> Pinus massoniana> Cunninghamia lanceolata> Quercus aliena> Cyclobalanopsis glauca> Camellia oleifera, shrub layer niche breadth value from large to small in turn for Lonicera japonica> Pittosporum tobira > Cunninghamia lanceolata> Choerospondias axillaris> Quercus aliena> Camellia japonica> Loropetalum chinensis> Cyclobalanopsis glauca> Quercus fabri, herb layer species niche breadth from large to small in turn for Woodwardia japonica> Carextristachya> Dryopteridaceae> Lophatherum gracile> Tetrastigma formosanum> Lygodium japonicum. Coniferous and broad-leaved mixed forest community in tree layer niche breadth value from large to small in turn for Pinus massoniana> Choerospondias axillaris> Cunninghamia lanceolata> Liquidambar formosana> Cyclobalanopsis glauca> Rhus chinensis, shrub layer niche breadth value from large to small in turn for Cyclobalanopsis glauca> Smilax china> Cunninghamia lanceolata> Dalbergia hupeana> Pittosporum tobira> Quercus fabri, herb layer mainly population niche breadth from big to small order of Dryopteridaceae> Carextristachya> Lophatherum gracile> Woodwardia japonica.(3) The average trend of the ecological niche overlap of the tree layer was Coniferous Forest> Coniferous and broad-leaved mixed forest> Broad-leaved forest, which was consistent with the average of the niche breadth. In the shrub layer, the average trend of niche overlap was Coniferous Forest> Broad-leaved forest> Coniferous and broad-leaved mixed forest, and the average trend of niche breadth was Broad-leaved forest> Coniferous and broad-leaved mixed forest> Coniferous forest. The average trend of the niche overlap of the herb layer was Coniferous Forest> Broad-leaved forest> Coniferous and broad-leaved mixed forest, which was consistent with the average of the niche breadth. There was a certain correlation between niche breadth and niche overlap, and the niche overlap between species with larger niche breadth was generally higher.(4) The niche width of the herbaceous layer species in the three forest communities were significantly correlated with their important values, and their correlations were significant (P<0.01). Broad-leaved forest, Coniferous and broad-leaved mixed forest trees, shrubs, and herbaceous layer and Coniferous forest, shrub, herb layer species niche breadth and the important value coefficient of variation showed a significant negative correlation (P< 0.01), and Coniferous forest tree layer of the niche breadth and the important value correlation coefficient of variation has not yet reached the significant level, a weak negative correlation. |
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