| Distillers grains(DDGS) with solubles are distillation residues generated by the fermentation of sorghum, wheat and corn in the fuel ethanol industry, rich in regular nutrient content. It also has an improvement effect on immune system and digestive tract diseases of animals because of natural immune activators and activity factors such as β-glucan, mannan oligosaccharides.Trial 1:This trial was intended to assess the nutritional value of distillers grains on rabbits. 12 IRA rabbits were 57 ± 2 days old and 2.0 ± 0.1 kg of weight, randomly divided into two groups, GroupⅠwas fed basal diet, and group Ⅱ was fed 85% basal diet and 15% distillers grains. The duration of the trial was 10 days, and the fecal samples were gathered in the last 5 days. The results showed that:(1) The gross energy(GE) and digestible energy(DE) of distillers grains were 18.02 MJ/kg and 12.71 MJ/kg respectively. The content of dry matter(DM), crude protein(CP), crude fiber(CF), ether extracts(EE), calcium(Ca) and phosphorus(P) was 87.34%, 21.18%, 11.22%, 4.38%, 11.37%, 0.19% and 0.12%, respectively.Trial 2:This study mainly analyzes the effects of DDGS on growth performance, immune properties and cecum environment of growing rabbits. Two hundreds IRA rabbits weaned at 35 days of age were randomly allocated to one of the five experimental diets containing 0%, 7.5%, 15%, 22.5% and 30% distiller’s grains respectively. The experiment period lasted for 28 days. The results showed that:(1) During 1-14 day and 15-28 day period, the average daily gain(ADG) was lower and the feed conversion rate(FCR) was higher in 15% distiller’s group than the control group(P<0.05).(2) The apparent digestibility of DM, Ash, CP was lower and apparent digestibility of EE was higher in 15%, 22.5% and 30% distiller’s grains groups than the control group(P<0.05). The apparent digestibility of neutral detergent fiber(NDF), acid detergent fiber(ADF) and Ca of distiller’s grains groups was lower than that of control group(P<0.01).(3) Propionate and butyrate of the control group had no significant difference with 7.5% distiller’s grains group(P>0.05), but was lower than the other distiller’s grains groups(P<0.05). Total volatile fatty acids(TVFA), acetic acid of 22.5% and 30% distillers grains groups were higher than the control group(P<0.05).(4) Add 15% distiller’s grains will significantly reduce the activity of jejunum lipase and the trypsin(P<0.05).(5) Add more than 15% distillers grains significantly decreased immune organ index(P<0.05), significantly increased serum interleukin-6(IL-6), interleukin-10(IL-10) and secreted immunoglobulin A(SIgA)(P<0.05).Trial 3: The study was conducted to add different levels of non-starch polysaccharides(NSP) enzyme to growing rabbits diets with distiller’s grains on growth performance, cecum environment and meat quality of rabbits on the basis of trial 2. Two hundreds IRA rabbits weaned at 35 days were randomly divided into 5 treatment groups: control group, 15% distiller’s grains group, 15% distiller’s grains group supplemented with 0.02%, 0.04% and 0.08% NSP enzyme respectively. The experiment period lasted for 28 days. The results showed that:(1) In 15-28 d, ADG of enzyme groups were significantly higher than the non-enzyme group and the control group(P<0.05). In 1-28 d, FCR of 0.04% and 0.02% NSP enzyme group was lowest, had no significant difference compared with the control group(P>0.05).(2) The slaughter rate of 0.04%NSP enzyme group was highest, had no significant difference compared with the control group(P>0.05).(3) Amylase activities of 0.08% NSP enzyme group and lipase, trypsin activity of 0.02% NSP enzyme group had no significant difference compared with the control group(P>0.05).(4) After adding NSP enzymes, pH, NH3-N of 0.04% NSP enzyme group were highest, had no significant difference compared with the control group(P>0.05). Propionic acid, butyric acid in enzyme groups were significantly higher(P<0.01) than control group.(5) Diets supplemented with 15% distillers grains would increased water loss rate(P<0.05), reduced cooking loss(P<0.05). After adding 0.08% NSP enzyme, shear force, water loss rate decreased significantly, the difference was not significant compared with the control group(P>0.05). L * values of 0.04% NSP enzyme group had no significant difference compared with the control group(P>0.05), and a * values and b * values of each group were not significant(P>0.05).(6) Compared with the control group, hardness, chewing, cohesion of 15% distillers grains group were increased(P<0.05). With the increase of NSP enzyme dosage, hardness, chewing decreased in turn, but had no significantly difference compared with the control group(P>0.05). After adding NSP enzymes cohesion increased sequentially(P<0.01).In summary, distiller’s grains are rich in nutrients and rabbits can better utilize the distiller’s grains. When the addition of distiller’s grains amounts to 15% and above, indexes such as growth performance, digestibility of crude protein, slaughter rate and jejunal digestive enzyme activity of IRA rabbits reduce to some degree. Supplenmenting 15% distillers grains diet with 0.02% and 0.04% NSP enzyme can improve the growth performance and other physiological and biochemical indexes in varying degrees and improve the negative effects of distillers grains. |
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