| This study determined the effects of different plant density with the bundled straw covering on soil moisture content, grain yield and WUE of winter wheat in a semiarid rainfed area of Northwestern China. A field experiments was conducted under bundled straw covering and row-seeding(A), bundled straw covering and wide belt planting(B),and A include three treatments(A1: 270 kg·hm-2, A2: 324 kg·hm-2, A3: 405 kg·hm-2), B include three treatments(B1: 270 kg·hm-2, B2: 324 kg·hm-2, B3: 405 kg·hm-2, B4: 486kg·hm-2), and whole field plastic mulching with soil covering on the top of mulch and bunch-seeding(PM), and non-mulching with row-seeding as control(CK), The density of PM and CK were 270 kg·hm-2. The results were as follows:1. For the mulching treatments, the 0~200 cm soil moisture before booting were obviously higher than that in CK. The 0~200 cm soil moisture in the plastic film mulching from flowering to maturity were lower than that in CK, however the 0~200 cm soil moisture in the bundled straw covering had no significant difference with that in CK.In the bundled straw covering, there are no difference of soil moisture between different soil density from wintering to jointing, the 0~200 cm soil moisture in 270 kg·hm-2 and324 kg·hm-2 from flowering to maturity were higher.The difference of 0~120 cm soil moisture higher than 120~200 cm moisture before flowering, while the differences of 0~120 cm soil moisture lower than deep soil moisture before flowering. The biggest difference exists wintering, revival and jointing. The 0~90cm moisture content higher than that in deep soil from seeding to wintering, and there are no difference of soil moisture from different soil layer from revival to jointing. The water consumption amount was increased and deep soil moisture higher than 0~90 cm soil moisture from flowering to maturity.2. Compared with CK, the bundled straw covering and plastic film mulching showed the increase of the water consumption amount in the 0~200 cm soil layer by 14.0~31.9 mm and 51.9~57.1 mm. There were no differences between water consumption amounts of sowing density treatments with bundled corn straw covering.Compared with CK, the mulching treatment could improve the water consumptionamount from jointing to maturity stage. The water consumption percentage from jointing to flowering in the bundled straw covering was lower than that in plastic film mulching,however the water consumption percentage from flowering to maturity in the bundled straw covering was higher than that in plastic film mulching. In the bundled straw covering, the water consumption amount increased with improving sowing density from jointing to flowering, and the water consumption percentage from jointing to flowering was the highest in the whole growth season, and the water consumption amount and its percentage increased with improving sowing from flowering to maturity.3. Compared with CK, the bundled straw covering and plastic film mulching increased winter wheat yield by 20.1%~25.5% and 25.5%~38.6% and water use efficiency by 16.0%~23.9% and 11.0%~21.6%. In the bundled straw covering, compared with 405 kg·hm-2, 270 kg·hm-2 and 324 kg·hm-2 increased winter wheat yield by 22.8%and 9.2% and water use efficiency by 30.7% and 15.2%, there are no difference between row-seeding and wide belt planting.4. Compared with CK, the bundled straw covering and plastic film mulching increased winter wheat economic benefits by 1692.3~2302.3 yuan·hm-2 and582.2~1033.4 yuan·hm-2. In the bundled straw covering, compared with 405 kg·hm-2,270 kg·hm-2 and 324 kg·hm-2 increased economic benefits by 795.1~1355.8 yuan·hm-2.In a comprehensive consideration of yield, water use efficiency and economic benefits,the bundled straw mulching is recommended as an applicable technique in semiarid rainfed wheat production aiming at high yield and high efficiency. In the bundled straw covering,270 kg·hm-2 and 324 kg·hm-2 were the appropriate sowing density. |
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