The Public Radiation Influencing Protection Requirements Of Diagnosis And Treatment For Patients Using Radiopharmaceuticals

Radiopharmaceutical diagnosis is an inspection method that uses the selectiveaccumulation of radionuclides and their labeled compounds at specific viscera, tissuesor detected lesions to image these areas, and combined with the single photonemission computed tomography (SPECT), it can image the blood flow, function, etc.of specific viscera and lesions. SPECT imaging is beneficial to the early diagnosis ofpatients’ diseases[1]. Using131I to treat hyperthyroidism is based on the fact that131I isaccumulated in thyroid tissue due to the iodine uptake capacity of thyroid tissue, andthen131I can release β-ray to cure hyperthyroidism. A certain amount of active drugsmay exist in the bodies of all patients who have received the radiopharmaceuticaldiagnosis and treatment. So patients after diagnosis and treatment become potentialradiation sources. Patients have a certain radiation effect on their relatives and thepublic that they contact after leaving the hospital.Main research contents and results:1. Through practically measuring external exposure dose rate of patients whohave accepted the diagnosis and treatment with radiopharmaceutical99mTc and131I invitro, we verified its point source model and linear source model estimation methodsto confirm a more suitable application in the actual calculated estimation model. Itwas proven that line source model is closer to the measured value.2. To study the amount of radiation of the people who are contacting and aroundthe patients, firstly, they were divided into two types, namely medical care personnelin the hospital and the public who contacted the patients. We used personal dosimetermeasuring method to measure individual dose of radiation workers, by usingOSL(Optically Stimulated Luminescence) meter as a measuring instrument toquantitatively detect individual dose equivalent of the12workers of nuclear medicine in different positions from January2013to January2014. Among the tested12peopleafter monitoring, the individual dose equivalent of them is below the annual effectivedose limit of radiation workers. Among them, there are3people whose doseequivalent is higher than the annual dose equivalent constraint value but less than theannual effective dose limit. It is necessary for the hospital to properly arrange thework of medical staffs who exceed the constraint value according to their positionsand make sure they can work in a safe environment.3. Mountford estimation method was used to estimate the effective dose of thepublic. Through the estimation based on Mountford method, we drew the conclusionthat the patients’ spouses get the maximum radiation exposure among those who comeinto contact with the patients after they leave the hospital, therefore, the patients andtheir spouses should sleep in separate rooms to reduce exposure.4. Through the research in three aspects-patients’ external exposure dose rate,radiation worker’s individual dose measurement and public exposure dose afterpatients leaving hospital, the radiation effect of radiopharmaceuticals on surroundingpeople was determined. On the basis of analysis above and combining existingprotection methods and practical protection situations of hospitals researchedpractically, relative protection methods are provided, and thus a reference standard isprovided for medical workers and the public to choose suitable safeguard procedures.