| Objective To investigate the psychological and behavioral problems of rural left-behindchildren (LBC) in southern mountains areas of Ningxia，and explore the influencing factorson behavior problems of rural LBC, and study the efficacy of comprehensive psychologicalintervention on rural LBC’s behavior problems,Intervention path on psychological andbehavioral problems was initially established for rural LBC in Ningxia.Methods Xiji County and Haiyuan County in southern Ningxia were selected as ourstudy site.1905students were sampled by stratified randomly and clusteringly from the wholeclass of the southern rural Areas in Ningxia. The general self-made questionnaire,EgmaMinnen av Bardndosnauppforstran (EMBN),Eysenck Personality Questionnaire (EPQChildren), Piers-Harri Children’s Self-concept Scale (PHCSS) and Achenbach’s Childbehavior Checklist (CBCL) were used to investigate the related factors.784left-behindchildren of them were selected as the object of study，to understand the characteristics ofpsychological and behavioral problems of LBC in Ningxia, and analyze the related factors forinfluencing psychological and behavioral problems of LBC. Experimental research wascarried out on4-8grade of62LBC with psychological and behavioral problems in theselected school of Shutai Town in Haiyuan County, giving systematic psychologicalintervention on these LBC for8weeks;61left-behind children with psychological behaviorproblems from grade4-8in Xi’an town Haiyuan county were extracted as a control, not givenany intervention.Results The detection rate of LBC and non-LBC was20.9%and16.0% respectively,and the difference was significant between the two groups(χ2=7.66, P=0.006);The behavior problems of Han left-behind and non-left-behind children were detectedin17.0%and11.2%respectively, there was significant difference between the two group(χ2=6.64, P=0.010);The detection rate of Muslim LBC behavioral problems (25.1%,) wassignificantly higher than that of Han LBC(17.0%)(χ2=7.51, P=0.006).The12-16age grouphave more behavior problems, the12-16age group of boys LBC in addition to immaturefactor, other factor scores were significantly higher than those of non LBC (P<0.05or<0.01);the12-16years group female LBC in immature, discipline, aggression and crueltyfactor scores were significantly higher than those of non-LBC (P<0.05or <0.01); Thefactor scores of Han LBC groups in father emotional warmth and understanding, fatheroverprotection, mother warmth and understanding were significantly higher than that ofMuslim LBC group (P <0.01);Mother severely punish factor of Muslim LBC group scoredsignificantly higher than Han LBC group (P<0.05); Han LBC score in E, L dimensionswere significantly higher than that of Hui LBC (P <0.01), but the score in N, P dimensionswere significantly lower than Muslim LBC (P <0.01);The age group of12-16LBC score in N,P was significantly higher than that in the age group of6-11dimension of LBC (P <0.01);Theboys LBC score in E, P dimensions significantly lower than the national norm (P<0.01), butscore in N dimensions significantly higher than the national norm (P<0.01);The scores of girlsLBC in E, L dimensions were significantly lower than that of the national norm, bu weresignificantly higher than that of the national norm t in N, P dimensions(P<0.05or0.01);④Each factor and total score of self awareness of the LBC were significantly lower than that ofthe national norm (P<0.01);Compared with the Muslim LBC, other factors and total score selfawareness of Han LBC were significantly higher than that of Muslim LBC in addition tobehavioral factors(P<0.05or <0.01).⑤Multivariate non-conditional Logistic regressionanalysis showed that the extrovison-introvison personality of middle following (OR=1.942,2.315), self consciousness of middle following (OR=3.333,4.295) is a risk factor for occurrence of behavior problems of LBC. Emotional stability (OR=0.351), less fatheroverprotection (OR=0.259), mother refusing and denying below middle (OR=0.650,0.422)and one of the parents working outside (OR=0.647,0.273) is a protective factor foroccurrence of behavior problems of LBC; Further analysis revealed introverted personality(OR=2.698) is a risk factor for behavior problem occurrence of Muslim LBC, and emotionalstability (OR=0.186), father not excessive protection (OR=0.192) is a protective factor forbehavior problem occurrence of LBC.⑥After the experiment， father warmth andunderstanding and mother emotional warmth and understanding factors in the experimentalgroup were significantly increased (P<0.01), the other factors were significantly lower thanbefore the experiment (P <0.01); After the experiment，each factor score and total score of selfconsciousness in the experimental group were significantly higher than before the experiment(P <0.01);The scores of father emotional warmth, father punishment, father overinterference,father rejection,father overprotection, mother too much interference protection,mother refuseing and denying and mother punishment in the experiment group aresignificantly lower than those in the control group (P<0.05or <0.01);At the end of theexperiment after1month,intelligence and school factor had no significant change,but othereach factor and total score of self awareness of the experimental group were higher thancontrol group (P<0.05or <0.01);After the experiment, most factor scores of CBCL in theexperimental group were significantly lower than before the experiment and the control group(P<0.01).Conclusion LBC have a higher incidence of behavioral problems in rural areas ofningxia than non-LBC.The detection rate of Muslim LBC behavioral problems wassignificantly higher than that of Han LBC; Extraversion personality, self-awareness,neuroticism personality, father overprotective, mother refuseing and denying and parentsworking outside are independent factors for incidence of behavioral problems ofLBC. Systematic comprehensive intervention can effectively reduce the incidence of behavior problems of LBC, especially better for12~16year old LBC in intervention effect. |
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