| Background and Obeject:Diabetes disease exhibits a negative effect on the healing of dental implants, both on soft and hard tissues. DM is considered a relative contraindication for dental implants. Mostly used experimental diabetes animal models are small-sized rodents, such as mice and rabbits. The relatively small size of these animals increases the difficulty of operation. These animals differs from people on the anatomy and pathophysiology a lot. In this study, after removal of part teeth of Guangxi Bama minipig, a drug-induced approach was taken to build diabetes model. This animal model was evaluated through clinical parameters and pathological parameters.Materials and Methods:1-year-old female Guangxi Bama miniapigs were used to remove tooth from anterior regions. Both deciduous and permanent tooth were removed except for the canines in the jaw bone. After the three-month healing period, examination of the oral cavity and CBCT scan of were proessed to assess the healing of hard and soft tissues. A three-dimensional measurement was used to evaluate the quality and quantity of maxilla and mandibular. Three months after the tooth extraction, minipigs were injected with streptozotocin(STZ). Fasting blood glucose was monitored every 4 days, so as to the body weight(BW) for 2 months. OGTT test was conducted after 2 months of the STZ injection. Gingiva pathological was examed at 1-month and 2-month point.Results:The 1-year-old Bama miniature pigs are during the period of mixed dentition with all deciduous tooth except for the canine in the jaw. Newly born permanent tooth was detected in the area of the maxillary anterior tooth and premolars even after three months of extraction. Soft tissues of the sites of extraction were healing well. CBCT scanning showed the formation of new bone trabeculae and the mandibular canine area had less newly born bone. Measurement of soft tissue: average width of the keratinized gingival was 16.3 (± 2.6) mm, the average gingival thickness of anterior region crestal was 3.4 (± 1.2) mm, average thickness of posterior alveolar crest gingiva was 2.6 (± 0.7) mm. Bone and adjacent structures measurements:the sinus was filled with soft tissue, average distance from the top of mandibular alveolar crest to the neural tube was 14.3 ± 2.1mm, average width of the mandibular anterior region was 8.5 ± 0.7 mm, with a height of 17.3 ± 1.4mm. Two months after STZ injection, the mean fasting blood glucose of diabetic group and the control group was 14.6 ± 2.71mmol/L and 4.71 ± 0.1mmom/L, the diabetic group was significantly higher (p= 0.023). In the OGTT test,120 minutes after glucose intaking, diabetic group (5.63 ± 0.58mmol/L) glucose levels to be significantly higher (17.27 ± 2.86mmol/L) (p= 0.031). In the Diabetic group, body weight seemed to be decreased, but there was no significant difference (p= 0.099) between the two groups. Two months after STZ injection, the gingival pathology showed that the epithelial epithelial spikes contact length of diabetic group (2.3 ± 4.90μm) was significantly reduced compared to the control group (29.22 ± 2.95μm)(p= 0.043). The immunohistochemical of gingival microvascular smooth muscle thickness, showed that the thickness of the control group was 6.83 ± 0.24μm, diabetic group 1 month after indution was 8.19 ± 1.50μm, diabetic group 2 months after induction was 13.31 ± 1.75μm, respectively. Wherein the thickness of gingival microvascular smooth muscle in the diabetic group two months after induction was significantly different with that in the control group and in th the diabetic group after one month induction (p =0.005 and 0.005).Conclusion:Anterior mandible part of Guangxi Bama minipig may be the potential sites for dental implants because of the quality and quantity of alveolar bone after healing from tooth extraction were better, and not be interferenced with adjacent. After two months of STZ induction, elevated fasting blood glucose, impaired glucose tolerance and weight loss changes were observed clinically in Guxnagi Bama miniapigs, while the microvascular change was found in soft tissues. |
PDF Full Text Request