Investigation On The Status Of Myopia In College Students And The Relationship Between Myopia And Behaviors Of Using Eyes

Objective To study the prevalence, epidemiological characteristics and influencing factors of myopia among college students in Heifei through investigating students’ living habits and behaviors about using eyes before entrance of university.Methods By using stratified cluster sampling method, students in 8 colleges were recruited and asked to fill in questionnaires, and 2935 valid ones were retrieved. The contents of investigation mainly included status of myopia, demographic characteristics, living environment, behavioral habits, behaviors about using eyes and vision care when in primary school and middle school. The distribution characteristics of myopia in college students was described, and potential influence factors of occurrence and development of myopia were analysed by univariate and multivariate logistic regression.Results The detection rate of myopia in college students was 80.3%. The detection rate of low myopia, moderate myopia, and high myopia was 1.3%, 41.8% and 7.2%, respectively. The detection rate of myopia in male students and in female students was 75.9% and 84.2%, respectively, and the difference was statically significant(P<0.01). Multivariate logistic regression showed that keeping a short distance(less than 33cm) between eyes and book when reading and writing was a risk factor of occurrence of myopia(OR: 1.210; 95%CI: 1.032-1.419), development of moderate myopia(OR: 1.247; 95%CI: 1.107-1.405) and high myopia(OR: 1.237; 95%CI: 1.022-1.496). Parents’myopia(both are myopic OR: 4.344; 95%CI: 2.056-9.181; one is myopic OR: 2.710; 95%CI: 1.960-3.747), lying on side when sleeping(OR: 1.242; 95%CI: 1.011-1.527), doing homework continuously for more than 30 minutes without a rest(OR: 1.128; 95%CI: 1.019-1.249), keeping a short distance(less than 3m) when watching television(OR: 1.227; 95%CI: 1.067-1.411), keeping a short distance between chest and the edge of table when reading and writing(OR: 1.185; 95%CI: 1.029-1.365) and some other factors were risk factors of myopia. Having a preference for hard food(OR: 0.598; 95%CI: 0.446-0.802), having a rest by outdoor activities(OR: 0.815; 95%CI: 0.716-0.926) and having a rest by seeing green plants(OR: 0.857; 95%CI: 0.756-0.972) after continual use of eyes for more than 30 minutes, and doing eye exercises seriously(OR: 0.881; 95%CI: 0.796-0.975) were protective factors of myopia. Eating bread(OR:1.226; 95%CI: 1.028-1.462), eating western fast food(OR:1.116; 95%CI: 1.005-1.239) and pillowing the head on the arm when reading and writing(OR: 1.246; 95%CI: 1.091-1.423) were risk factors of moderate myopia, and having a rest by overlooking after continual use of eyes for more than 30 minutes(OR: 0.869; 95%CI: 0.784-0.963) was a protective factor of moderate myopia. Parents’ myopia(both are myopic OR: 3.886; 95%CI: 2.405-6.278; one is myopic OR: 1.635; 95%CI: 1.157-2.311) and awkward posture when reading and writing(OR: 1.483; 95%CI: 1.217-1.807) were risk factors of high myopia.Conclusion The occurrence and development of myopia were related to genetic factor, dietary habits, behaviors about using eyes when in primary school and middle school and some other factors. These behaviors about using eyes included distance between eyes and book and posture when reading and writing, time spent on near work continuously and so on. Improving a healthy dietary habit and a good habition of using eyes may have negative influences on prevention of myopia and progression.