| [Objective]This paper studies the adult submandibular gland’s shape, its adjacent structure and temporal region blood vessels etc, to provide the anatomical data for curing severe dry eyes with free transplantation of partial submandibular gland, and toexplore the feasibility of transplanting part of the gland.[Method] I dissected an adult head and neck specimens( red latex to inject its arterise, blue latex to inject its veins) which is of injection and preservative treatment. And then I dissected adjacent area of submandibular gland, such as its adjacent nerves, feeding arterise and reflux veins and arterise and veins of temporal region and I observed its direction and distribution characteristics. Relevant data is measured and imaged with vernier caliper and camera. I observed the distribution and running direction of arteries and veins around the submandibular gland of adult head and neck specimens with cast carried out on its artery and vein and the distribution and running direction of artery, vein in temporal region.[Result]1.The submandibular gland with elliptic shape is located in the submandibular triangle,its size is about :volume(2.95±0.72)cm3, weight(12.86±0.71)g, length, height and thickness are:(30.06±5.77)mm 、(10.80±2.21)mm、(10.51±4.43)mm.The submandibular gland is divided into the superficial submandibular gland and the deep submandibular gland according to trailing edge ofmylohyoid.The superficial submandibular gland,its volume is about(1.77±0.53)cm3,weight is about(8.08±0.43)g,length, height and thickness are:(28.42±4.45)mm 、(7.35±1.82) mm 、(8.06±3.34)mm.The deep submandibular gland,its volume is about(1.08±0.84)cm3,weight is about(4.18±0.26)g,length, height and thickness are:(16.35±3.48)mm、(3.35±0.80) mm、(2.97±1.48)mm.2.The submandibular gland duct length is(43.25±6.4)mm and the diameter is(3.45±0.25)mm.3. The main arterise of the submandibular gland that are available for free transplantation are the facial artery and the submental artery, etc.The average distance between the initial segment of the facial artery and submandibular gland was(18.64 ± 1.88)mm, with the pipe diameter of its initial segment was(2.70 ± 0.28) mm.While the average distance between the initial part of the submandibular gland and submandibular gland was(45.72 ± 16.80) mm with the pipe diameter of its initial part was(1.92 ±1.01)mm.4. Facial vein is the main reflux vein of submandibular gland.Each and every length of facial vein to jugular vein,external jugular vein and anterior jugular vein is:(36.46±4.34) mm,(45.35±5.33)mm,(5.33±2.14) mm. The outside diameter of the initial part of each artery is:(3.32 ± 0.24)mm,(3.04 ±0.32)mm,(3.57 ±0.48)mm.5. Facial nerves branch is the main tissue around the superficial layer of submandibular gland.the safety distance between marginal mandibular branch and superficial submandibular gland is(10.50±4.46)mm,the length of the origin of marginal mandibular branch to facial arteriovenous intersection is(20.51±6.03)mm.The safety distance of the origin of cervical branch to the submandibular gland trailing edge is(8.92±4.24)mm.6. The main arterise of the temporal region that are available for free transplantation is superficial temporal artery,the available length of parietal branch of arteryfor transplantation is(40.70±10.45)mm,the pipe diameter of origin of artery is(1.66±0.13)mm,frontal branch of artery for transplantation is(50.10±10.88)mm,the pipe diameter of original artery is(1.44±0.14)mm。7.The main veins of the temporal region that are available for free transplantation is superficial temporal vein,the available length of parietal branch of vein for transplantation is(50.50±10.76)mm,the pipe diameter of original artery is(3.67±0.82)mm,frontal branch of artery for transplantation is(54.80±10.51)mm,the pipe diameter of original artery is(4.39±1.19)mm。[Conclusion]By The anatomy of the submandibular gland, the graft with blood vessels, submandibular duct to shallow treatment of severe dry eye temporal fossa is feasible. |
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