Qualitative Research On Experience Of Nurses Participated In Disaste Rescue

Objectives: To explore the psychological experiences of nurses participated in disaster rescue, so as to know deficiencies of disaster nursing and summarize experiences, hoping to provide references for establishing the disaster nursing training system and psychological intervention mechanism of nurses.Methods: Adopting the purposive sampling to extract eight nurses participated in disaster rescue from Gansu, applying the qualitative study constituted of phenomenological method, and combining with nursing, psychology, sociology and other disciplines of knowledge to analyses psychological process of nurses from the experiences of cognition, emotion and will. Using the in-depth interview and Colaizzi analysis to gather and analyze data.Results: Following data analysis three themes had emerged,including experiences of cognition, emotion and will.1. The cognitive experiences of nurses participated in disaster rescue.1.1 Nurses thought that disaster rescue staffs should have special quality.1.1.1 The ability of management included the ability of material management, information management, team coordination and self-emotion management.1.1.2 The practical operation ability of emergency care included practical nursing skills, critical thinking, psychological assessment, epidemic prevention, risk assessment and adaptable to more roles.1.1.3 The cognitive ability to minority languages and customs included understanding common sign language, spoken language and customs of the minority.1.1.4 The ability of health education included the ability of psychological health education and disease prevention propaganda.1.2 Nurses thought that factors affecting to the timeliness of disaster rescue.1.2.1 Favorable factors to the timeliness of disaster rescue.(1) The characteristics nursing of traditional Chinese medicine included acupuncture and herbal care.(2) The clear division to task labor included the division of areas rescue mission, treatment and nursing, roles clearly.(3) The trust of affected people included trust of children and the minority. In addition, it was need to win the trust of the injured when aftershocks happened.(4) The psychological intervention to the injured included patients with mental anomalies and patients who lost their families.1.2.2 Adverse factors to the timeliness of disaster rescue.(1) The ill-equipped of disaster nursing included the backward transport equipment, safety protective equipment and care equipment.(2) The crude of individual rescue package which was no unified food, water, bag, tent and daily necessities.(3) Lacking of psychological nursing to the injured included amputation patients, women and children who had poor capacity of psychology.(4) The poor organization of disaster nursing team. Nursing team organization was weak before the disaster, and personnel configuration were unadvisable in the process of the rescue.1.3 The suggestions to alleviate the pressure of the relief nurses were proper vacation, group counseling and individual counseling, giving honorary certificate and holding seminars.2. The emotional experiences of nurses participated in disaster rescue.2.1 The emotional experiences of nurses on the way of rescue were fear, tension, worry and pride.2.2 Emotional experiences of nurses at a disaster site were shock and pain, tension and anxiety, confusion and helplessness, worry and fear, the sense of responsibility and mission.2.3 Emotional experiences of nurses after the rescue were anxiety, depression, guilt, uneasy and pride.3. The will experiences of nurses participated in disaster rescue.3.1 The will experiences to emotion cognition. Nurses could have been aware of their own emotions, and could have realized the negative impact of negative emotions to disaster rescue, future work and life.3.2 The will experiences to the methods of controlling negative emotional. At the scene of the disaster rescue and on the way, the nurse took pouring out, self-suggestion and self-deprecating to eliminate bad mood, and will powers were different, effects to control of the negative emotions were different, too. After the disaster, nurses mainly rely on time to dilute the bad mood, and it was need 2 weeks to 1 month the negative emotions could be eased.Conclusions: Disaster rescue was different from the normal nursing, and it had special requirements to the quality of nurses. Nurses found some favorable factors to the timeliness of disaster rescue, but also found some adverse factors, and provided the proposal to ease nurses’ psychological pressure. Managers should strengthen comprehensive ability of various aspects in disaster condition in the preparedness training, excavate and reference the advantageous factors to the timeliness of disaster rescue further and deeply, and improve the equipment of disaster nursing and personal survival kit constantly, at the same time, understand the nurse’s personal needs in post-disaster timely, and make personalized measures to alleviate the pressure of the relief nurse. The nurse’ negative emotions were outstanding in the process of rescue, and method for resolving negative emotions was single. Therefore, in addition to the usual training, managers should guide nurses to eliminate negative emotions timely in the process of rescue, so as to save more lives and minimize disability.