| Objective: To study the accumulating locations and content of the active ingredients and organizational structure the different vegetative organs of medicinal plants of Fritillaria L. from Xinjiang.To reveal the different of content active ingredients and organizational structure of eight medicinal plants of Fritillaria L.from Xinjiang. To provide a scientific basis for the aerial parts turning waste into treasure and exploitation and utilization of medicinal plants of Fritillaria L. from Xinjiang. Methods: 1) Paraffin sectioning methods were used to compare the organizational structure of different vegetative organs of eight medicinal plants of Fritillaria L. from Xinjiang. 2) Anatomical and histochemical methods were used to investigate locality of alkaloid and saponins in bulb and stem and leaves of eight medicinal plants of Fritillaria L. from Xinjiang. 3)UV-VIS and gravimetric method were used to measure the content of alkaloid and saponins in bulb and stem and leaves of eight medicinal plants of Fritillaria L. from Xinjiang. 4) UPLC-ELSD and HPLC were used to measure the content of fat-soluble ingredients and water-soluble components in bulb of eight medicinal plants of Fritillaria from Xinjiang.Results:1) The basic structure of bulb and stem and leaf was similar to medicinal plants of Fritillaria L., but no feature could characterize the species. All bulb consisted of epidermis, parenchyma cells and closed collateral vascular bundles. All stem consisted of epidermis, cortex parenchymatous cell and vascular bundles, these structure of stem have many degree of lignifications. The leaves consisted of epidermis, mesophyll cell and vein. Upper and lower epidermis were single and rectangular. There were no appurtenances on the epidermis. The leaf epidermal cells are rectangle except the F.pallidiflora,whose cells of lower epidermis were parallelogram, the long axis of which was parallel with leaf-venation, the patterns of anticlinal walls were straight, light wave and deep wave. The stomata was Allium type, oblong, distributing random and singly,whose long axis was parallel with leaf-venation. The stomata simultaneously distributed on the upper and lower epidermis, meanwhile, the stomatal index of lower epidermis wasbigger than upper epidermis except the F. walujewii and F. verticillata var. albidoflora,whose stomata was only founded in lower epidermis. 2) The alkaloids existed in the parenchyma cells and vascular bundle of bulbs of medicinal plants of Fritillaria L. from Xinjiang. Furthermore, the content of alkaloids from higher to lower: F. pallidiflora ? F.walujewii ? F. yuminensis ? F. tortifolia ? F. verticillata ? F. verticillata var. albidoflora ?F. karelinii ? F. meleagroides; the saponins were present in the epidermis and parenchyma cells surrounded vascular bundle of bulbs. Furthermore, the content of saponins from higher to lower: F. karelinii ? F. verticillata var. albidoflora ? F. tortifolia ? F. verticillata? F. walujewii ? F. pallidiflora ? F. yuminensis ? F. meleagroides. The alkaloid was located in the parenchyma cell of stem of eight medicinal plants of Fritillaria L. from Xinjiang, at the same time, owing to the content of active ingredients of stem was too low,the localization of active ingredients was not done. The color reaction and special crystal deposition sites indicated that the alkaloid was located in mesophyll tissue of leaves of medicinal plants of Fritillaria from Xinjiang. Furthermore, the content of alkaloids from higher to lower: F. pallidiflora ? F. walujewii ? F. yuminensis ? F. tortifolia ? F.verticillata ? F. verticillata var. albidoflora ? F. karelinii ? F. meleagroides; the saponins was located in the mesophyll tissue of leaves. Furthermore, the content of saponins from higher to lower: F. verticillata var. albidoflora ? F. tortifolia ? F. verticillata ? F.walujewii ? F. karelinii ? F. pallidiflora ? F. yuminensis ? F. meleagroides. 3) The content of alkaloids in difference parts from higher to lower: leaf ? bulb ? stem, the content of total alkaloids in aerial parts were 1.174- 1.499 times more than underground parts. The content of total alkaloids in difference species from higher to lower: F. pallidiflora ? F.yuminensis ? F. walujewii ? F. verticillata ? F. tortifolia ? F. verticillata var. albidoflora ?F. karelinii ? F. meleagroides. The content of saponins in difference parts from higher to lower: leaf ? bulb ? stem, the content of total saponins in aerial parts were 0.972- 1.973 times more than underground parts. The content of total saponins in difference species from higher to lower: F. verticillata var. albidoflora ? F. tortifolia ? F. verticillata ? F.walujewii ? F. karelinii ? F. pallidiflora ? F. yuminensis ? F. meleagroides. 4) The presence of three kinds of fat-soluble components have different in bulbs of eight medicinal plants of Fritillaria L. from Xinjiang, the total content from higher to lower: F.pallidiflora ? F. walujewii ? F. yuminensis ? F. tortifolia ? F. verticillata ? F. verticillata var. albidoflora ? F. karelinii = F. meleagroides. Adenosine and thymidine were commonly present in the bulbs of eight medicinal plants of Fritillaria L. from Xinjiang,the content of adenosine was higher than those of thymidine. The total content from higherto lower: F. walujewii ? F. pallidiflora ? F. yuminensis ? F. tortifolia ? F. verticillata ? F.verticillata var. albidoflora ? F. meleagroides ? F. karelinii. Conclusion: 1)There were some micromorphological character for species thoμgh they have similar micromorphological character, for example, the shape of epidermis cells, patterns of anticlinal, the type of stomata, the size of the diameter of the vascular bundles and number of the vascular bundles. Those characters provided experimental evidences preferably for classification and identification among species of Fritillaria L. from Xinjiang. 2)The active ingredient were commonly present in the bulbs and leaf, the histochemistry level of leaf is higher than bulb that show aerial parts have certain development and utilization value. The histochemistry level of Bulbus Fritillariae pallidiflorae is close to F. yuminensis and F. tortifolia.3)The content of total alkaloids of stems and leaves of aerial parts were significantly higher than the bulbs, so there is a certain development and utilization value.The content ofactive ingredient of Bulbus Fritillariae pallidiflorae is close to F.yuminensis and F. tortifolia in six medicinal plants of Fritillaria from Xinjiang. 4) The phytochemical analysis revealed that sipeimine-3β- D-glucoside, sipeimine and peiminine were commonly present in the bulbs of F. verticillata, F. tortifolia, F. verticillata var.albidoflora and F. yuminensis, peiminine was absent in the bulbs of F. walujewii and F.pallidiflora. The sipeimine-3β-D-glucoside, sipeimine and peiminine were commonly absence in the bulbs of F. karelinii and F. meleagroides. The result provided experimental evidences preferably for identification among species of Fritillaria L. from Xinjiang. The content of fat-soluble ingredients and water-soluble of Bulbus Fritillariae pallidiflorae is close to F. yuminensis and F. tortifolia. The results of histochemistry is similar to results of phytochemistry that show the aerial parts have a certain development and utilization value and the content ofactive ingredient of Bulbus Fritillariae pallidiflorae is close to F.yuminensis and F. tortifolia. So when the market to make up for the shortage of Bulbus Fritillariae pallidiflorae, first to consider F. yuminensis and F. tortifolia. This research can be used to help aerial parts turning waste into treasure, identify and standardize the plant material and improve the output and quality of medicinal plants of Fritillaria L. from Xinjiang. |
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