Research On Lineages And Epidemical Characteristics Of Rabies Virus With Different Geographical Distribution In China

Objective: 1) Learn the epidemic characteristics of rabies in China from 1996 to2015, analyse the trend of different epidemic district and the geographical distribution characteristics of rabies in China from 2011 to 2015, and study the epidemic tendency and spread district of rabies in China for further. 2) Monitor the potential status of rabies virus in dogs in some regions of our country,provide basic data to enrich the rabies virus lineages further and improve full sequence about N and G gene of rabies street strains in China. 3) Research the epidemic situation of rabies virus lineages in different provinces in China,distinguish the epidemic lineages in every province, and discuss the diversity and different sources of rabies virus lineages in-depth. Methods: 1) Download and analyze the rabies epidemiological data. 2) Detect the brains of suspected rabies cases and human liquid samples. Sequencing were all taken in N and G gene fragments of positive specimens which identified by PCR. 3) Download all the information and sequences of N, G fragments and genomes of Chinese rabies strains( not including vaccine strain) from GenBank, a content of the American website NCBI. 4) Accomplish the sequence collation and analysis of newly detected positive samples by ATGC, Clustal X and BioEdit. ConstructChinese N and G gene phylogenetic tree with all the N and G gene sequences of Chinese rabies virus strains respectively. Construct a G gene phylogenetic trees with some strains of China, the RABV strains of Inner Mongolia and its associated strains in the world. Results: 1) The epidemic of rabies gradually eases after 2007. And, what’s more, the national reports of rabies cases have less than 1000 cases in both 2014 and 2015. 2) The number of rabies cases in southern China has decreased obviously, however, the number of cases in the central, western and northern areas has been increasing in the last 5years. 3)Rabies epidemic areas in China spread to all provinces and autonomous regions at present. 4) China Ⅰ is the dominant lineage in Chinese rabies virus lineages which spread in 25 provinces of China widely. All of the sequences from positive samples of the specimen detection in this study fall within China I lineage. 5) There are 16 provinces existing multiple lineages of rabies virus in30 provinces/municipalities/autonomous regions in China mainland. 6) The rabies specimens of Inner Mongolia collected from dog, cattle, cow, sheep, red fox, fox and the like, the RABV of which belonging to China Ⅰ, China III or China Ⅳ lineage. Conclusions: 1) There are differences in different rabies epidemic regions of China, but the overall situation turns out to be better than before. 2) Rabies has been widespread in the whole country. Rabies has been spread all over the mainland provinces/ municipalities/ autonomous region. It has practical significance to enhance the cooperation of among provinces,especially the neighboring provinces for controlling rabies spread effectively. 3)Rabies virus lineages are various from different epidemic areas, and there is a cross-transmission, inter-competition and co-existence phenomenon in these lineages. Make the lineages of virus and their epidemic characteristics clearly are so important for the evolution characteristics analysis of rabies in China. 4)There are a variety of sources of infection about rabies, which not only includes wild animals but also domestic animals. Enhance the monitoring of rabies epidemic situation and strengthen the post-exposure prophylaxis can reinforce the prevention and control of rabies.