Impact Of Galectin-1 On Trophoblast Stem Cell Differentiation And Invasion During Embryo Implantation

Background:The implantation of the blastocyst into a receptive endometrium in human pregnancy is a highly orchestrated reciprocal signalling process. Trophoblastic differentiation in an orderly manner play an important role in the process of embryonic implantation, placentation and maintenance of early pregnancy. At the maternal-fetal interface, The dialogue is of extremely importance between trophoblast cell and endometrial epithelial cells, which is the first maternal cell contacted with trophoblast cell. Our previous study on human EPL found that Galectin-1(Gal-1) was significantly downregulated in trophoblast cells of EPL compared with the controls, which may suggest that Gal-1 plays an important role in early placental development and has a critical function in maintenance of pregnancy.Objective:We used IK-TSC co-cultured model to simulate the maternal-fetal interface, monitoring the impact of differentiation, fusion, migration, invasion and the expression of Gal-1 in TSC. We used exogenous Gal-1 to stimulate TSC, and monitor the differentiation, fusion, migration, invasion of TSC.The aim of this study is to reveal the pathogenesis of EPL, and provide train of thought for the early diagnosis, prognostic assessment and therapy of early pregnancy loss and pregnancy-related disease.Materials and methods:Co-cultured with IK and treated with IK cell secretion, we induced the differentiation of TSC cells in stem cell medium and differentiation medium. qRT-PCR was used to detect the mRNA level of each cell type marker and infusion markers in terms of proliferation and differentiation of TSC cells. Woundhealing and chamber-transwell invasion experiment were used to detect the migration and invasion ability in each group. The mRNA and protein expression levels of Gal-1 were detected in different stages after co-cultured with IK or being treated with IK cell secretion. Treated with exogenous Gal-1, the mRNA levels of each cell type marker and infusion markers for TSC differentiation 1-7 days were checked by qPR-PCR. Woundhealing and chamber-transwell invasion experiment were used to detect the migration and invasion ability of TSC in each group.Results:1、Co-cultured with IK cells promoted the differentiation and fusion of TSC in differentiation medium, and induced the differentiation of TSC in stem cell medium.2、IK cell secretion promoted the differentiation and fusion of TSC in differentiation medium, and induced the differentiation of TSC in stem cell medium.3、Co-cultured with IK cells and treated with IK cell secretion promoted the migration and invasion of TSC.4、Co-cultured with IK cells and treated with IK cell secretion increased the expression of GAL-1 in differentiation medium.5、Exogenous Gal-1 promoted the differentiation and fusion of TSC in differentiation medium.6、Exogenous Gal-1 promoted the migration and invasion of TSC.Conclusion:1、Co-cultured with IK cells and treated with IK cell secretion induce and promote the differentiation of TSC.2、Co-cultured with IK cells and treated with IK cell secretion promote the migration and invasion of TSC.3、Co-cultured with IK cells and treated with IK cell secretion increase the expression of Gal-1 in TSC, and exogenous Gal-1 promoted the differentiation, migration and invasion of TSC, indicating that the Gal-1 play a important role in the whole process.