Health Risk Behaviors And Health Promotion Strategies For Adolescents In Less Developed Areas

Teenagers, occupying more than one fifth of the total population of a country,are the critical stage of people that from childhood to adult.Adolescent health risk behaviors(AHRB) not only affect their own health status, but also related to the health of the whole population.With the promotion of monitoring to AHRB, which can ensure the healthy growth of the teenagers,and it’s the basic guarantee to cultivate talents, it can promote economic development. AHRB monitoring dependent respondents self reports of highly sensitive to the accuracy and openness, the less developed area in the survey of high difficulty, low operation leads to less developed regions ahrb problem is concerned less, become ahrb health promotion short board and blind spots. Therefore, this study selected a sample survey of AHRB in developed areas, in-depth analysis, and put forward the countermeasures to promote health.In this study,Firstly, we use the method of literature review, as comprehensive as possible review both domestic and international study of AHRB to summarize the present situation, mechanism and intervention strategy of AHRB.Secondly, under the guidance of the existing research experience and using the Chinese adolescent health risk behavior questionnaire,in 2013,we selected Guang’an(a underdeveloped area in Northeast of Sichuan, the southwest of China) as the sample, through visit and questionnaire survey, 1262 valid questionnaires were collected, which among 628 male and 634 female.Then, use SPSS19.0 for data statistics,and compare the results with the existing literature reports, to discover problems and try to make a comprehensive score of AHRB.Then,we analyzed the problems, reasons and characteristics of AHRB,evaluated the health promotion measures of the existing AHRB, combined with the characteristics of the AHRB with report, searching for the health promotion countermeasures for AHRB.We found it’s obvious that trend of population aging, Aging but less children,that enhance the status of adolescents in the family and improve the conditions of life.But, AHRB is increasing.AHRB has attracted the attention of the WHO and other international organizations and some countries in Europe or America, such as the United States has in 1990 establishment of adolescent health risk behavior surveillance system(YRBSS) "and in 1991 every 2 years for teen monitoring. And start monitoring work in our country lags behind, the coverage is not full, monitoring interrupt the phenomenon of frequent, north of Guangzhou and other large cities attention degree higher, and southwest, northwest and other backward economy, traffic inconvenience owe developed area become the blind area monitoring and research. Under the background of urbanization of rural population, the transformation of social economy and other, less developed area become a high incidence area of adolescent health risk behavior, less developed areas of the adolescent is health risk behaviors of agglomeration of high-risk groups, so do a good job in less developed areas of adolescent health education in health promotion is of great academic value and social significance. Combing the theory study on health risk behaviors of adolescents in the mainly problem behavior theory, theory of risk protection, social ecological systems theory, behavior and behavior management theory and other psychology related theory based, to analyze the behavior of the generation mechanism, change the ways and methods of intervention.The survey found:(1) less developed areas teenagers often drink soft drinks(≥1times/d,12.75%,95%CI:10.91~14.59%),and often eat sweets(≥1times/d,18.64%,95%CI:16.49~20.79%) were lower than developed regions to report on the situation, but often not eat breakfast(≥4days/w, 7.05%, 95%CI:5.64~8.47%) the detection rate is higher. Often do not drink milk products report rate is 21.08%(95%CI:18.82~23.33%), dairy drinking frequency distribution bimodal distribution of polarization phenomenon, every day and every day to drink milk(19.81%) do not drink milk(18.7%, 95%CI:16.69~20.72%) the number is more.(2) sports and physical activity intensity in less developed areas is relatively high, but there are still 20.84% of young people lack of exercise. In spite of we find they had Sedentary behavior,such as Often see screen(≥2h/d) rate was 35.02%(95%CI:32.38~37.66%), often play electronic game(≥1h/d) was 40.79%(95%CI:38.08~43.51%), but the rate was low. In order to complete the task of learning tasks and sit for a long time, 70.44% of young students need at least 1 hours a day to complete the homework.(3) physical violence and language violence are higher,such as fighting(31.45%, 95%CI:28.88~34.02%), Often be extortion of property(1.11%, 95%CI:0.52~1.69%), Often hurt by physical violence(1.36%, 95%CI:0.72~2.00%), often be in derision(5.48%, 95%CI:4.23~6.74%). Loneliness(12.60%), suicidal ideation(19.26%), away from home ideas(29.59%).(4) walking violations(3.57%), cycling irregularities(36.61%) and other traffic risk behavior detection rate is low, but the detection rate of drowning behavior is higher(12.92%).(5) smoking behavior(20.29%, 95%CI:18.07~22.51%) was similar to the existing reports, but the prevalence of alcohol drinking was higher(57.23%, 95%CI:54.50~59.96%). The first smoking and drinking behavior have the trend of younger age. In the less developed adolescents detected drugs(1.03%), sedative hypnotics(5.15%) and spirit of addictive substance use behavior, and most developed areas of the report was similar, but lower than Wuhan and Hangzhou report rate.(6) 57.53% of the research objects at least on the one hand, the performance of Internet addiction, Internet chat, entertainment, games for the purpose of. The self reported rate of gambling was 12.83%.(7) Watching pornographic books or impression and self-report of marginal behavior and sexual behavior rate below 2005 the national report rate. The average AHRB score of the study subjects is 38.865(95%CI:38.075~39.655), the boys were higher than girls, and the junior middle school students were higher than those of the senior high school students. In the high school students group and the sub group, the other groups were higher than the average score of Chinese adolescent health risk behavior database of Institute of child and adolescent health, Peking University.AHRB with gender differences: boys smoking, drinking, drinking soft drinks, play games, illegal to ride, dangerous swimming, Internet addiction, contact pornography detection rate higher than that of the girls, but the girls in loneliness, insomnia, eating sweets, "to fat identity, anorexia, lack of exercise and the detection rate is higher than the boys. In the learning stage, junior high school students to drink soft drinks, suffered intimidation etc. language violence, be treated with indifference, not illegal, illegal to ride the report rate greater than high school students. High school students contact pornography, gambling, drinking, learning pressure, lack of exercise of a higher detection rate. Young people smoking, drinking has the trend of youth.The problem of adolescent health risk behaviors in less developed areas is prominent, but it is lack of active, healthy and systematic monitoring and intervention measures. With the "comprehensive two child policy landing and urbanization process accelerated, for a period of time in the future of China’s less developed areas of child and adolescent population would increase rapidly, the monitoring the health risk behaviors and health promotion task is arduous. And should therefore be in the policy, law, system design, formed to protect and use of Internet technology, the integration of various resources, hospitals, schools, government and social, the formation of three-dimensional, dynamic monitoring network, and the introduction of social capital and strength, promote the supervision of health risk behavior measurement and comprehensive, systematic and perfect.