The Semantic Development Of Chu(除),Fei (非),Chufei(除非)

Chu, Fei, Chufei originally have the meaning of "exclusion", however, "incorporation" emerged later. Based on previous studies, we researched the corpus and found that Chu was extensively used for"incorporation" in the Yuan dynasty, but in modern Chinese is given priority to with "exclusion".At the same time,Fei and ChuFei are used for "exclusion" and "incorporation" meantime,after the"incorporation"of their meaning emerged. The meaning of the three word have the similar evolution progress, and for the mechanism, academics are inconclusive.Shen Jiaxuan(2006a,2006b,2006c,2007a,2007b,2008a,2008b) and other scholars have applied Conceptual Blending theory to Chinese application research,which enlightened the thought of this paper.As a new modern linguistic theories, the Conceptual Blending has different ways of thinking with the traditional Analytical theory. And it can solve the problems that the syntax analysis theory is difficult to solve, so it should be applied to syntax study extensively.The meaning of ChuFei, Chu, Fei have the same process that from "exclusion" to "incorporation", which is related to Conceptual Blending. But the arising of opposite meaning was effected by different Blending ways.First of all, ChuFei have the same mechanism with Chu,in which the Blending is at work. ChuFei was only used for "exclusion" at first. The logical constructions are "ChuFei p,Bu q"(a) and "Bu q, ChuFei p"(a’).Except that there is a contrary format instead of expressing the same meaning:" Yaol Wei q, (Fang/Cai) p"(x),both of the two kinds of formats are logical statement. When the speakers are expressing meanings, their mind will appear two formats at the same time.Then they will select the form of ChuFei in the construction a or a’and the meaning of Yaol Wei in the in the construction x and blend into a new word ChuFei(A’).Therefore the construction " Yao q ChuFei p,(Fang/Cai) q" is logical,and the "incorporation" meaning of ChuFei is fixed. When Chu had been used for preposition,and mainly used in the construction "Chu p (Zhiwai),Bu q".This format expresses the same meaning with the construction " Yao q, Wei p,(Fangl Cai) q",but have the contrary form. Then, the two formats have the possibility to blend. Select the form of Chu in the construction "Chu p(Zhiwai),Bu q" and the meaning of Wei in the construction "Yao q, Wei p,(Fang/Cai) q", and then blend into the new word Chu,which has the opposite meaning with the previous word. Therefore the construction "RuoYao q,Chu p (FanglCai q)" become logical and the "incorporation" meaning of Chu was fixed. Secondly, the arising of the "incorporation" meaning of Fei lie in the blending of the construction "Feip Bu q" and " Yao p Cai q". And the blending has three different combination ways. Firstly,Fei and De/ Yao combine into the new form, at the same time,combine the meaning of Fei into the new word FeiTao/De(A),the new word have the meaning of "exclusion",so it appear a large number of the combination "FeiDe/Yao p Buke" in Qing Dynasty. Then, the new form FeiDe/Yao combines with the meaning of De/ Yao into the other new word FeiYao/De(A’),and the word have the meaning of "incorporation",so the seem possible illogical construction "FeiDe/ Yao p Cai q" is used into communication extensively. Lastly, the form of Fei combine with the meaning of Dd Yao into the new word Fei(A") therefore the Fei have the two contrary meanings and the construction "Fei p Cai q" was widely used in Qing Dynasty.