On Transformations And Forms Of Wang Yangming’s Noumenon-Endeavor System In The Horizon Of The School Of Ready-made Innate Knowledge

Confucianism, the most influential philosophical system in Chinese history of thought, underwent various transformations and gradually declined during the later Tang Dynasty as a result of serious challenges from Buddhism. In order to continue the tradition of Confucianism, Confucianists started academic explorations to revive it in the late of Tang Dynasty. This Neo-Confucianism’s movement of revival called by modern Confucianists was initiated by Han Yu,Li Ao and started by Zhou Dunyi and epitomized by Zhu Xi as a complete system of Neo-Confucianism, thus the dominant position of Confucianism was reestablished. However, as time went on, the excessive conformity with Zhu Xi’s Neo-Confucianism displayed many disadvantages and impeded further development of Confucianism seriously.In this academic background,Wang Yangming inherited Meng Zi,Lu Jiuyuan’s temperament theory,and developed a "noumenon-endeavor"system with innate ethic knowledge at the core to overcome Zhu Xi’s defects. However,in the School of Mind’s system, the multiple duality of Wang Yangming’s innate ethic knowledge divided the School of Mind. Long Xi followed the path of nothingness of the innate ethnic knowledge and stressed its metaphysical character on the one hand, on the other hand he emphasized the immediate readiness of it. As a disciple of Wang Yangming, Xin Zhai also held that the innate ethic knowledge is ready made but he gradually stripped of its metaphysical attributes. In the horizon of Xin Zhai and Long Xi’s School of Ready-made Innate Knowledge, the transformations of innate ethic knowledge led to the transformations of the "noumenon-endeavor"system as a whole.The gist of this article is to display the new phenomena appeared during the transformations of "noumenon-endeavor"system of the School of Mind’s system, such as Buddhismization, popularization, the seeds of natural theory of human nature and people-centrism, and further reveal that the School of Kuangchan is the necessary result of the development of the School of Ready-made Innate Knowledge, in addition, considering the important position of the School of Kuangchan in the transition from School of Mind to Application Philosophy, we draw the conclusion that the School of Ready-made Innate Knowledge started the turning of Confucianism in Ming and Qing Dynasties.Specifically, Part One expounds the background and status quo of the research; on this basis,Part Two is a detailed investigation of transformations and main features of innate ethic knowledge from a ontological perspective; Part Three explains the transformations of endeavor caused by the transformation of noumenon; Part Four extends the perspective to the history of Confucianism in the ming and qing dynasty,based on the summary of transformations of noumennon and endeavor respectively, and gives a brief analysis on the relations between the school of Kuangchan, the School of Ready-made Innate Knowledge and Application Philosophy, thus confirming the important role of the School of Ready-made Innate Knowledge as a connecting link between the preceding and the following.