| Values refers to the concept of cognitive system, moral values is people with their own needs to see the importance of values in moral field. Perry is the first to research values, in 1926, he put the moral values into the six kinds of basic values, Firth, Rescher and Wen Chongyi also included moral values in their respective of researches.Xinyin Chen’s questionnaire were the first one who completed moral value test in China, she involved altruism, thanked collective, equality, respect for the elderly, responsibility, sincerity, eight dimensions, and explore the teenagers’ moral values. Xi-ting Huang, Lan Gang take sorting method study of young college students’ moral values, their research suggests that integrity, honesty is the most important moral values of college students. Min Wang’s study of four national college students’ moral values, also found that integrity, sincerity, were the moral character of college students’values.Zhang Jing study youth’s moral values, patriotic, the collective is one of the most important ingredients while altruism is not. Liu Enyun take the method of questionnaire and interview study in middle school students’ morality, the results show that high school students’ moral values are still given priority to the collective orientation, but with the development of the students, the personal values are gradually increasing, reflects the trend towards to the interests of the individual. Chong-de Lin and Cu Yu use Arnold moral values’ evaluation form, examined adolescents’ most three moral qualities. Results show that the primary school and junior high school students were selected loyalty, filial piety, justice to be the most important quality, choose obedience, careful and open is the least important, has the very high consistency;High school students put most emphasis on hard work, filial piety, tolerance the three kinds of quality, the least emphasized were obedience, share and cherish life; College students put the most emphasis on caring, loyal and hard-working, most do not take the obedience, self-expression and return. Li Minghan surveyed Guangzhou high school students’ moral value, found that middle school students’ moral values is "attach importance to both public and private, but when the collective interests and personal interests conflict with the interests of the individual is limited. Results show that the middle school students’moral values still given priority to the collective orientation, but with the development of individual, the personal values are increasing, reflects the trend of the interests to the individual.Wan Xiaohong compiled the questionnaire of adolescent moral values, the questionnaire using likert 5 point scoring, the moral values is divided into collective, self-interest and individual virtue and morality, aggressive, coordinated six dimensions, compiling process after open interviews, item analysis, factor analysis, reliability and validity tests of the questionnaire establishment standard process, but the scale of the reliability test index is relatively thin, only used the retest reliability and internal consistency coefficient (Cranach alpha), and from the perspective of the scaling process of now still lack of validity test. Long Ying according to the literature analysis, open investigation, project analysis, analysis of reliability and validity process compiled the questionnaire of middle school students’moral values questionnaire. The scale using likert scoring at 7 points, and contains return, equality, responsibility, sincerity, altruism, self-disciplined six dimensions. In structure validity test using exploratory factor analysis and confirmatory factor analysis, content validity test using expert validity index, the reliability analysis of each component of the internal consistency coefficient of 0.6-0.8, so the scale has good validity index.Above all, moral values is the important aspect of values, scholars have discussed for a long period of time, due to the limitation of moral values to study the problem, the appropriate research method to adopt questionnaire law, lack of effective scale tool but early research study of moral values, the existing moral values questionnaire research requirement does not apply to the present, great changes have taken place in contemporary youth values as time changes, the dimension of the previous questionnaire may not be suitable for moral values in today’s society study, need to be further revised, there are serious lack of moral values research tool.Likert scale in highly social desirability studies on problems such as moral values, easy to generate response set, all sorts of bias such as halo effect, the surface of the item validity is extremely high, so the likert scale for measuring adversely. Can be chosen in order to avoid the fraud, forced to choose type scale, traditionally, forced to choose type scale score is the dimension scores together, so that the data for the module according to the related between each dimension score, true score, associated with the error of test scores is a relative score against interpretation. Since the modulus according to damage the structure validity; Damage to the school the associated validity; Reliability estimates that damage does not apply to true score theory within the framework of test reliability and validity of methods such as factor analysis. Brown according to thurstone comparative law thurstone 1RT model, is used to solve the problem of traditional scale score is forced to choose type, thurstone IRT model of 0, 1 scoring double parameters of multidimensional model, test the latent trait is normal distribution, and using Mplus can be forced to choose type scale data fitting and parameter estimation.This study through literature analysis, open investigation and preliminary drawing up six dimension of moral values, compiled a 88-item, constitute a likert scale,25, a graduate student in social credit evaluation, please, delete the standard deviation of project 2, again a questionnaire 300, an analysis of the project item, delete the item do not conform to the requirements of the project analysis, according to the requirements of the match, finally keep the five dimensions of 52 item, to form the formal scale. Formal scale required subjects on answer of the forced choice scale, and likert scale for each project, at the same time get likert data and forced to choose data, questionnaire,500 recycling effective questionnaire 462, forced to choose scale traditional scoring and thurstone IRT scoring two kinds of data, compared with likert index of reliability and validity of data. Under the framework of CTT, likert type data and forced to choose type data related to 0.01 to 0.08.Under the framework of IRT, likert scale scores and forced to choose type scale score of 0.03-0.03.Using internal consistency coefficient alpha for CTT within the framework of data index, likert scale is 0.87-0.92, forced to choose type scale of 0.10 to 0.10.IRT framework by empirical data reliability index, forced to choose type data is 0.54 to 0.54.Likert data within the group of average correlation r= 0.72, graded forced to choose the traditional scale within the group related to r=-0.33 on average, forced choice of IRT scoring scale score of group r= 0.23, on average. The likert data, forced to choose type scale IRT scoring data, exploratory factor analysis for likert data, a total of four common factors,61.263% of the total variance explained. For IRT scoring forced to choose data, a total of four common factors,59.041% of the total variance explained, and the likert scale constant modulus according to the results are very similar, therefore thurstone IRT scoring can effectively solve the traditional score since the modulus according to could not be forced to choose scale factors analysis of the problem. Using thurstone IRT model of forced through the parameter estimation on the data of model fitting index is well.The results showed that(1) Thurstone IRT model can fit forced-choice type moral values of the measured data, can be more accurate in parameters estimation.(2) For the problem of high social desirability scale such as moral values, thurstone IRT scoring can effectively avoid the faking in likert scale, such as impression management, test score is no longer the ipsative data, the application of thurstone IRT model for parameter estimation is superior to the traditional way of scoring.(3) forced-choice type moral values scale has better fitting index, can provide a reference for further research. |
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