Research On Latour’s Scientific Practice Views

Scientific research centre began to turn to practice after the SSK. Bruno Latour is a key figure in the steering who first put forward the concept of scientific practice. He believes science is a collection of practice or procedure, and laboratory is the gathering place of scientific practice. Based on the practice of action and influence, the perceptions, thoughts and knowledge of people was able to constitute, and then scientific facts can be constructed.The formation of scientific practice viewpoint of Latour has its profound inevitability, showed the trend of the development of the science history. On the one hand, the progress of modern science and technology promote the natural and social development toward the closer and increasingly trend of showing mutual influence. The various social forces involved in the development of science; the heterogeneity of human factors has become an essential part of scientific research. On the other hand, the development of philosophy of Science in the 20th Century had developed from Positivism to construction, from the natural to the society. With the extremes of the "social factor" in social constructionism, the struggle between realism and constructivism is intensified, and practical philosophy played an important role in reconciling their contradiction.Latour’s scientific practice view is based on anthropological theory and research methodology for basic guidance. In Latour’s view, there are many reasons. First of all, the researchers in order to obtain first-hand information must make themselves like anthropologists do a deep research with scientists to share their joys and sorrows. Secondly, the researchers should penetrate to the scientist’s laboratory, carefully tracking every day-to-day detail by scientists, including the conversations of scientists, the paper writing and the division of tasks, etc. Finally, the researchers as an anthropologist should be taken for granted in the scientific concepts, terminology and theories as a matter of the novel to prevent the theory of "black box".The generalized symmetry principle is Latour put forward the view of practice weapon. Based on the criticism of David Bloor’s special symmetry principle, Latour’s theory of generalized symmetry principles will be introduced to the scientific research and requires symmetry to deal with the status of natural and social science research. Bloor established symmetry principles in the study of "strong programme" in SSK, which required for all beliefs in the intended symmetry. However, it became a social area within the exclusive in the actual application, completely abandoned the scientific studies of "natural" side. The Application of generalized symmetry made the society and the nature blend to complement each other, had a dynamic effect in practice, and promoted the development of science.The "actor-network" as the "context" of scientific research enriches the connotation of scientific "practice". Latour and Woolgar put forward the "actor-network" theory based on the book Laboratory Life. This theory is a symbol of Latour’s philosophy turn to practice. "Actors" refers to all the factors in scientific practice, including people as well as inhuman existence. Actors exist in the relationship between practice and practical relation with heterogeneity. They exist in the network and form a kind of context so that people can think all kinds of skills in this context. To further illustrate the communication between actors and collisions, Latour cites the "translated" concept, that is, actors are to each other’s questions and points of interest in one’s own language translation. The actors and other actors is in this translation are grouped together so as to establish a stable connection, translating (making the actor-network) into a context of natural and social factors, constituting a world of actors.Latour’s scientific practice view had a greater influence on late 20th century philosophy of science and pioneered the practice of scientific research. Through Andrew Pickering, Theodore Shatzkin and Michael Lynch’s tireless efforts, a new scientific research "paradigms" gradually formed, which had profound implications for the future. They are reflected in three aspects:First, the actors in "practice" blend all the heterogeneity factor in the laboratory cancelled the boundaries of nature and society. Practice’s value lies in its process, which stands for dynamic development. There is no "boundary", only a relative stability. Secondly, the scientific practice views established the position of "practice priority", instead of the traditional philosophy of positivism and the "representations" of position Constructivism philosophy to meet the needs of today’s scientific development. Thirdly, the scientific practice views required scientists and humanists go hand in hand with a more positive attitude in a "symbiosis" mode, frame of mind and to communicate in "symbiosis" mode. Meanwhile, it also facilitated both supervision and conducive to the promotion of science toward a more healthy direction.