On The Acquisition Of Chinese Pronoun "Ta"’s Resumptive Usage By The Foreign Students

Chinese pronoun "ta" is used frequently in daily communication. " Ta" has many uses, including referential usage, void-referring usage, constraint usage and resumptive usage. This paper mainly studies "ta" resumptive usage and foreign student’s learning situation.Through the investigation and analysis, to find the rules and problems, and provide some guidance and suggestions for second language acquisition.Resumptive pronoun "ta" occurred mainly in the Chinese topic structure, the relative clause and the passive sentence. Whether "ta" is present in these structure includes three kinds of situations:dominant state, recessive state and freedom state. At first, this paper conclude the rules about whether "ta" present in these structure. Based on this, we found that:when "ta" was refer the same thing with kinship or call somebody, "ta" can be freedom state, otherwise, "ta" will be the dominant state. In addition, this paper analyzes the verb which can enter the structures.Secondly, in order to study the learning case of adult second language learner about Chinese resumptive pronoun, we designed a questionnaire survey used truth-value judgment. The survey include three groups:Russian, Korean and Spanish, and the results of investigation is analyzed by SPSS. The author concluded that:First, Universal Grammar believe that children of different language environment can quickly master the language in the "initial state", adults will be restricted. Through research the Chinese adults learning the English restrictive relative clause, Hawkins and Chan proved the conclusion. This paper research the adult second language learner learning the resumptive pronoun, conclude that:adult second language learner and the Chinese show extreme significant differences in judge resumptive pronoun. Thus, we conclude that:affected by the Universal Grammar, the adult second language learner cannot master the Chinese resumptive pronoun. And it proved Hawkins and Chan’s conclusion on the other hand. Second, without considering the foreign student’s mother tongue, they show no significant differences in judge resumptive pronoun. The main effect is not notable. Third, adult second language learner are most easily master the topic structure resumptive pronoun. Fourth, considering the foreign student’s Chinese level, they show significant differences in judge resumptive pronoun. The main effect is notable.Then, through the investigation of "HSK dynamic composition corpus", we found that the sequence of foreign students master resumptive pronoun are:topic structure, the passive sentence and the relative sentence. Also, from the overall view of accuracy rate, we believe that the adult second language learner haven’t master the resumptive pronoun. This result is consistent with the questionnaire. Through the analysis of errors of resumptive pronoun, the error patterns in topic structure are: misuse of resumptive pronoun, wrong order of resumptive pronoun. The error patterns in relative sentence are:the improper use of quantifiers, misuse of resumptive pronoun. The error patterns in passive sentence are:misuse of resumptive pronoun, mixture with other sentences. We analyzed the reasons of mistakes and put forward relevant proposals.Finally, we have found the emergence of other usage of "ta" in textbooks, but have no resumptive usage. So we put forward some opinions and suggestions for textbook’s compile. Textbook is the foundation, and teachers delivered the contents to students, so classroom teaching is the key point. We put forward three suggestions: First, teachers should master the related knowledge of "ta", and carry out the "task teaching method" in the process of teaching. Second, comparative analysis. Third, practice, review and consolidate.