The Situation And Transcendence Of Modern People’s Value Nihilism

Since the enlightenment, people have relied on rationality to constantly stride towards richness, freedom and happiness and have created abundant material achievements. But oppositely people’s spiritual world has been extremely empty and anxious. If rationality is turned into instrumental rationality, instrumental rationality will lose its rational existence and turn into rational tyranny because of the unlimited expansion inclination of instrumental rationality itself. At the same time, value rationality will make way for instrumental rationality. Thus people will lose their reflection to survival significances. In addition, Nietzsche’s announcement that the god is dead makes westerners’ umbilical cord forced to cut, which links the mortal world with the other shore. Then modern people’s life loses the dependence of the ultimate value and the basis of living. Therefore, human’s living is inevitably uncertain and baseless. Modern people have inevitably encountered nihilism. Value nihilism is no doubt a big disease of modern people’s spiritual life. Value nihilism shows many kinds of state in real life, which mainly includes the value orientation of relativism, the value trend of utilitarianism and the materialization orientation of people’s spiritual life.Modern western philosophers pay tremendous attention to nihilism and its causes in modern society. At the same time, they look for the treatment plan for nihilism on the basis of the diagnosis. As a result, modern western philosophers’ efforts are undoubtedly important theoretical resources for solving the problem of nihilism. Nietzsche regards the original cause of nihilism as traditional metaphysics, and in order to overcome nihilism, Nietzsche adopts an extraordinary good method of pushing nihilism to acme. He advocates positive nihilism to meet the creation of new value through revaluation of all values. However, Heidegger thinks that the original cause of nihilism is the forgetting of existence in the history of metaphysics. In order to overcome nihilism people must commit themselves to thinking about existence and open the duet of redemption of poetry and thought. Strauss considers nihilism is rooted in the crisis of modern political philosophy, and in order to overcome it people should focus on the appropriate seeking of classical nature and wishes constant nature-rooted value to overcome relative value without any root.Marx’s anatomy of nihilism is thorough. Based on the strong criticism of the capitalist society, he finally finds a way beyond the nihilism. In order to seek the roots people should not only investigate the history of metaphysics, but also go deep into the inner contradictions of material life. Marx not only reveals that the living circumstances of modern double dissimilation causes people’s real nihility, but also finds out the relation between the capital logic and nihilism capital, and the destruction of all the eternal value by the new god. However, Marx’s dialectics helps human beings realize the critique of the capital logic and open the new world for communism. In the vision of Marx, Nihilism is only temporary, which is the inevitable outcome of the bourgeois society, and the value rationality of communism provides value basis for people to transcend value nihilism. Only people’s free and comprehensive development can really solve the serious problem of nihilism.