The Archaeological Observation On Common Objects In Portrait Masonry Of The Han Dynasty

Since discovered, portrait masonry of the Han Dynasty in Xuzhou and Shandong Provence has attracted great attention in many research fields such as epigraphy,archaeology and fine arts.Many achievements focus on the interpretation of the portrait theme, social appearance, cultural thought, art appreciation, archaeological recovery and stages. This article studies the images of pots, Ding and Dou which are common in Han stone carving portrait of Xuzhou and Shandong Provence.Pots are the most common and plentiful funerary objects,popular throughout the Han Dynasty. While Ding and Dou are common funerary objects before the Han Dynasty,which play ritual roles.They only appear in the historical story of the Han Dynasty portraits. This article is not confined to the interpretation of image content and art appreciation, but the method of archaeological research on burial funerary objects. This article discusses the artifacts characteristic,combination,spatial function, finds the association between portrait artifacts and real funerary objects and explore the meaning representation of funerary objects.Chapter1,In this part the article summarizes the figures of pots in the portraits of Xuzhou and Shandong and arranges them chronologically. Then the article introduces the portraits, the roles of pots in these scenes as well as the shape feature of the kettles. Pot as a drinking device appears plentifully in the portraits, here the article discusses their social function considering the historical literature of the Han Dynasty drinking customs. The modelling of pots is observed and compared with the real ones.According to the shape difference, there are flat girder and round pot.Moreover, the article identities the popular features of the pots in the portraits. The coexistent objects of pots in the portraits are classified and compared to the real ones.Therefore the relationships and differences between them are found out. Besides I also summarize the grave thoughts of artifacts in the portraits.Chapter 2,In this part the article summarizes the figures of Ding in the portraits of Xuzhou and Shandong, introducing the portraits and the shape feature of Ding. The modelling of Ding is observed and classified into three types.By comparing with the real ones,the article finds out the shape features of Ding in the portraits.As ritual vessels popular in the Shang and the Chou Dynasty,Ding becomes the common tools in the Han Dynasty gradually and even unpopular till the middle of the West Han Dynasty. Ding in the portraits stands for ritual, while the real is vessel in use.Besides,the story happened long before the Han Dynasty, the Han craftsmen drew the vessel Ding of different times.Chapter 3,In this part the article summarizes the figures of Dou in the portraits of Xuzhou and Shandong, introduce their scenes in the portraits and the shape feature of Dou. The modelling of Dou are observed and classified into three types. Dou as utensil is uncommon in the Han Dynasty.However a kind of lamp-stand develops from the Dou,and it can be found in the portraits.Therefore,by compared with the real lamp-stand, the way how the craftsmen of the Han Dynasty designed the modelling of Dou in the history stories and the ideological meaning is found.In this part the article summarizes the observation of pots, Ding and Dou in Han portraits. Pots not only are important funerary objects, but also appearer frequently in the portraits. The summarizes the types and functions of pots and the combinations of artifacts that appears together with pots in the portraits.As funerary objects,Ding and Dou are not popular in the tombs of the Eastern Han Dynasty,but popular in history stories in portraits, the article summarizes their modelling gist in portraits. Moreover, the commonalities of the artifacts gists in the portraits and their functional status in funerary are explored as well.