| The 16th century is the era of religious reformation of Europe, under the influence of continental Europe, religious reformation had been lasting for decades in England. During Tudor reformation, The English bible had made a significant progress, Tyndale bible, Cramer bible, Geneva bible and the Bishop bible are the most representative. With regard to the process of Tudor reformation, or to the consolidation of the England nation, even to the status of English language, the development of the English bible does have a significant influence. Based on the research of the four different versions, we can clearly see that there are two different ways in Tudor reformation, one is from upper to lower reformation, the other is from lower to upper, the selection of the way is closely related to the Tudor religious ecology, religious policy and the situation of the development of England nation. This paper proposed to investigate the four different versions, in order to reveal the stretching force between the two ways of Tudor reformation, which made a great significant to the pattern of gradual development of England.This paper has four subjects. The main object of the first part is the Tyndale bible, which is one of the most representative bible in 16th century, the first to prelude the civil reformation in Tudor, Tyndale bible had laid the foundation of the development of English bible in later ages, and played an important role to the evolvement of English language. This part will study the influence to Tudor society of tyndale bible from three aspects, namely the publishing background, the thought motive of Tyndale and the reason why being forbidden, From the development of the tyndale version, to get a glimpse of the attitude of the ruler towards religion, the reflection of English people on the collision of religious consiousness and the national awareness, and the trend of the Tudor reformation. Tyndale, a pioneer of England civil reformation who walk ahead of Henry VIII, the end of his life and his English bible bodes the tug of war between the two ways is upcoming.The second subject is the Cramer bible, which is the first English bible, also the only one to be published and generalized to the church and common people officially. Cramer bible also called the Great bible, it is not only the important content of the upper-lower reformation of Tudor, but also an essential measure which Henry used to get control of the discourse power of the official reformation and to win the tug war. This part discussed the intent of officially authorization compilation and the characteristics of the Great bible, the main purpose is to study the reason why the religious attitude of Henry Ⅷ has changed and why Henry launched the Great bible, besides, to explore the history origin of the gradual mode of England development during the discussion of the mild character of the Great bible.The third part is to study the Geneva bible, the appearance of which means that another lower-upper civil reformation is high on the seas. Different king pursue different religious policy. This part is to discuss the background of Geneva bible, the ideal of Geneva puritan and the reason why the version being widely shared, and to explore the changing forces of protestant and the influence to Tudor upper-lower reformation.The forth subject is the bishop bible, which is pushed during the period of Elizabeth I, in order to replace the Geneva bible and weaken the momentum of development in England, and to resist the challenge to Episcopal system from Geneva puritan. Bishop bible, the last English version in Tudor dynasty, is also used to form a balance state between the Catholicism and the Protestantism, which is the basis for the stabilization of the Church of England. In this part, we study the background of the Bishop bible and its weak influence, to inspect how Elizabeth I won the initiative of the reformation and turn the direction back to the eclectic England church. Though bishop bible did not successfully replace the status of Geneva bible, in that dilemma, the mild way of reform did win the living space for the Church of England. Hence, the progressive mode of development has been taking root in the land of England.We can clearly see from the four parts the tension between the upper-lower and the lower-upper reformation, and the reason why the reformation can peacefully completed, it had a great relation with the Kings of England, many of them could make a concession at appropriate time. The process of the reformation, the progressive mode of development emerged and become mature. This thesis is composed of three parts as a whole, namely the Introduction, Body and Conclusion. In the first part, it briefly summarizes the significant of the topic, reviews related historical materials and previous overseas and domestic studies, and clarifies the purport and methods of this thesis. And then in the Body part. The Conclusion part summarizes the main points. |
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