On City Of Song Dynasty From Three Aspects

Song dynasty is a milestone for city development of China, and one characteristic of Song is high urbanization, which attribute to population growth, freedom of migration and the rising of mercantilism. The leap growth of city population develops city but also enlarges the management difficulty. Under this background, a batch of innovative managments appears on the historic stage.On city administration managements, the medieval management of FangShi starts to disintegrate at the end of Tang dynasty. The government of Song has to set up the management of XiangFang on the basis of military management of Xiang after the failure of trying to restore the old management of FangShi. Due to the military background, the organizations and functionds of XiangFang has strong military feature,which reflects in the detection and smuggling hunt, etc. The management of XiangFang also becomes a main way for government to control grassroots. However,XangFang indeed makes city different and lays the foundation for later city pattern.On public safety, fire always a main threat to human Lives and property. Due to high urbanization and crowded building, fire-hit become more frequent than before.Apart from using old measures to against fire, the government of Song creats a first professional fire brigade in the world——QianHuo Dui. QianHuo Dui locates in some main areas of city, with clear division and high mobility, forcibly changing the way to put out of a fire which was unordered in the past. Fire-watching floor is a another invention of fire protection of Song dynasty. This high-rise buildings stand on the corners of city, with sentries upstairs and soldiers downstairs, enrich public safety facilitiy as well as city scene.On commercial administrations, in order to ensure revenue, the Song government absorbs YaRen into government by providing them with ShenPai, and uses YaRen to supervise business activities. To city guilds, government uses revenue to replace the old compulsory distribution. It is worth mentioning that MianHangFa caused most objection and cancelled soon after the end of reform. Paper money is one of the great contribution for Song dynasty to human, and it’s also a production of business development. Fake note is a big question since the beginning of paper money. Song takes a serious of measures to combat fake note, which are still meaningful today.New Deal is a passive action for the government in the face of challenges. At special background, we’ll see that each reforms are relative and interactional. Inevitably,due to the limitation of age, the reform of Song have shortages, but it’s progressiveness can’t be denied. On the contrary, it’s a big success for the reform of Song from the angleof influence. To avoid omiiting, this paper will ground on overall situation rather than individual city to study city New Deal.