The Research Of Chinese Loanwords In Hmong Of Songtao County

In this paper, we’re going to discuss the basic features of Chinese Loanwords in Songtao Hmong about different historical period,Borrowing modes, phonetic change and lexical structure.In historical levels, Chinese Loanwords in Songtao Hmong can be divided into five times:Remote Time, Medieval Time, Transition Time,Modern time and New Time. the number of borrowed words has become gradually increased as the time developing forward or the contacts frequently between Hmong and Chinese language.In Borrowing modes, Chinese Loanwords in Songtao Hmong have three types: Transliteration Loanwords, Half Pronunciation Semantics Translation Loanwords and Additive Loanwords. the number of Transliteration Loanwords is the biggest, Half Pronunciation Semantics Translation Loanwords is second, the Additional Loanwords is smallest.Chinese Loanwords in Songtao Hmong are borrowed into Hmong basically including voice and semantic.Phonetic phenomenon change refers to the phenomenon that Chinese words borrowed into Hmong are replaced by similar phonetic elements of Hmong in consonants, vowels and tones. Phonetic phenomenon change actually Hmong fight against Chinese language in phonological level.Chinese loanwords and Songtao Hmong is quite different in lexical,such as loanwords are "Subject-Predicate type", Songtao Hmong is "Predicate-Subject type", loanwords are "Biased-Positive type", Songtao Hmong is "Positive-Biased type". Recently Hmong appeared a few "Subject-Predicate type" and "Biased-Positive type" structure, it can be treated as the result of infiltrating of Chinese lexical structure characteristics into Hmong lexical structure in lexical level.In a word, the Chinese Loanwords gradually change characteristics of Hmong inherent word.