Motive Analysis Into The Indonesia’s Democratization In An International Perspective

In the Western-dominated era of globalization, it is a difficult problem which has been placed in front of the post-developing countries that how they achieve political stability and economic growth. Entering the new century, more and more developing countries have begun the process of democratic transition in the case of indirect or direct role of Western countries or international organizations. Some developing countries have gone on this road half a century, but the future is still uncertain. Needless to say, the international factor is an important factor that can not be ignored in the analysis of the process of democratization in developing countries. However, how and why the role of international factors in the democratic transition in the end? This thesis attempts to analyze the factors of the democratic transition in Indonesia under international perspective motivation in the example of democratic transition in Indonesia. To a certain extent, the analysis of the motives for democratic transition allows us to predict the future and its development trend of democratic transition. In Indonesia as our case study, it is mainly due to that the effect of international factors plays a more obvious role in the effects and ways of democratic transition. Today, Indonesia has gone on the road of democratic transition for ten years, but the future is still unknown. Indonesia, the world’s fourth most populous country, while Indonesia is the world’s largest Muslim country and its political stability has important significance for East Asian and world’s peace. This thesis analyzes this important variable——international factor, and points out the important role of international factors in the democratic transition in Indonesia. Inspired by the structure of realism, international factors will be divided into two aspects of the structure and unit analysis. Under the two analytical framework and unit, this thesis combines with the interact with domestic factors, relates theories of democratic transition, points out its specific role channels, and analyzes them specifically.Specifically, the thesis is divided into four parts:The first part is the introduction. This part introduces the research background, the basic assumptions, analytical frameworks and research methods.The second part is the theoretical part, and this part mainly defines the international factors, analyzes the basic theory of democratic transition and theoretical relationship between the two. International factors are divided into two parts——the international structure and international units in the definition of international factors. The analysis of the international structure is divided into the three aspects of political structure, economic structure and international norms. Changes in the international structure will directly affect the domestic political and social structure. The analysis of the international unit is mainly divided into state actors and non-state actors. The main influence of the international unit factors lies in the western countries and international organizations under the control of "exporting democracy strategy", and also lies in the domestic political elite even political choices of the general public. In the theoretical analysis of democratic transition, this thesis compares and analyzes two analysis modes of the structure and behavior. Drawing concrete theoretical framework of this article by theoretical analysis, this thesis combines the analysis of the way of democratic transition and the analysis of international factors.The third part from the perspective of historical development longitudinally introduces political development in Indonesia, the political development of the domestic and international factors, the development process and features. The Indonesia’s major political development process mainly included three stages. They are the development of before independence, Sukarno’s rule in the beginning of independence and Suharto’s authoritarian rule. Political legacy of colonial rule in Indonesia has affected every aspect of society so far. Quest for democracy also began from after independence. This thesis analyzes the democratic achievements and the problems from1998to2004, when the disintegration of the authoritarian regime.The fourth part is a detailed analysis of international structure and international units of two factors, and this part is also the focus of the thesis. Based on the characteristics of the international environment during Indonesia’s democratic transition period, this part analyzes their specific performance and the role of channels in transition. At first, it is the crisis in the international structural factors and Suharto’s authoritarian rule. It analyzes the specific environmental of the Indonesian democratic transition and the impact on society of Indonesia from the three specific external environment factors of the political, economic, cultural specifications. Secondly, it is the political choice of international unit factor and domestic factors elite unit. The thesis analyzes the Impact on Indonesia’s democratic transition from the United States and International Monetary Fund these two important actors. International factors play an irreplaceable role in promoting democratic transition. International factors and domestic factors are mutual promotion and jointly open the democratic transition in Indonesia.