Guns With Bow And Arrow:the Stagnated Development Firearms And The Return Of The Riding-Shooting Thought Of Mid Qing

Generally have such a habit or traditional, scholars study of firearms, tend to see him as a "technical" or a "military equipment such as a single, independent of the individual to discuss, and ignored its as a kind of technology or equipment and social cultural environment, political system, economic factors and links, such as personnel. Although this is the normal mode in technology research, but the resulting malpractice is, as a social unity of "technology" was abruptly stripped, this often go against scholar truly grasp the development of a technology, height, the demise of the choroid and reason. But on the other hand, traditional study, senior scholars with solid historical data collection, archaeological discovery and research of the empirical research on language, let us see clearly the truth of history, the more inspired me to in such a written in linear empirical theory research in the development of new idea, it must break through the narrative barriers, formatting, standardization and patterned in a multidimensional coordinate narrative framework find themselves and will play a perspective and approach to it.In this paper, by applying the theory of "social construct of technology system", is introduced in the Qing dynasty of firearms and the related discussion, through the reflection on the traditional technology research paradigm and new illustrate about the Qing dynasty "riding and shooting" the lack of policy research, to begin this article my book. The author tries to focus on the firearm and marked by "Manchu Archery" to discuss the relationship between the ethnic identity. Especially in both appear alternately, the degree of attention in the process of changing, reflected a series of political, economic, military, society, culture and other aspects of the deep reasons. Qing Taejo Nuerhachi period, the military emphasized "riding and shooting" founding, attach importance to the role of the bow and arrow, to the Qing emperor Taizong Huangtaiji period, gradually realize the importance of firearms, artillery, and vigorously develop in central plains offensive played a huge role in the process of the central plains. But since the late Kangxi the development of firearms become extremely slowly, or even halt. More it is worth noting that Kang Yongqian firearms by advanced to decline gradually, the same as it happens is the bow and arrow "riding and shooting" by continual rulers attach importance to and strengthen the process. Development of firearms and the choice of bow and arrow by the ruler’s interests and hobbies, missionaries, military war, civil society, the personnel, organization and economic costs and a series of factors, and these factors is reflected in the political, economic, social, cultural and other aspects. This a series of factors between closely intertwined, interlocking, influence each other.So in this paper, by discussing the 18th century and the reason of Kangxi dynasty and firearms change before thriving firearms stagnation and the late late Kangxi and Qianlong "riding and shooting," thought reestablished. And combining with the contrast of the international situation at that time, to reveal the complex domain outside environment, the 18th century Qing dynasty firearm by the tide of deep factors, and the crisis of the Qing government and measures to strengthen their own ethnic identity, and then discusses behind these measures, produced a series of influence.