The Politics Of Subsistence Security Systerm:Why Democratic Distribute Failed?

This paper takes an example of the distribution of the lowest insurance in Hedong, which is a village in the city of Luoyang in Henan province. It tells a story about the politics of lowest insurance. By settling the material of interview, the writer found that the lowest insurance has undergone three different periods:assigned project, electoral project, consulted project. In different periods, the attitude of the villagers has changed. With the adding of quota and the increasing of standard, the villagers began to oppose the assigned project, they want to distribute the insurance by elect. After the fail of a general election and representative election, the village adopted a consulted project. The consulted project of the lowest insurance, which is a result the villagers consulted with each other. It has achieved the identity of the villagers. This paper used the method of process-event, it attempts to describe the process of the politics of the insurance, from the angel of democratic process and democratic consultation. And then study the effect of the leaders, villagers, participants of the insurance.For this purpose, the paper represents the attitude and the action of the participants in three different periods. It also wants to represent the condition of these people. So the thread of this paper is the change of the project and the attitude of the participants. By research, the writer found that the headmasters of civil affairs want to distribute the resource by the same standards, the leaders of the village distribute them by face and relationship. The common villagers thought the insurance as the allowance of the state. The participants who need the most consider the insurance for the grace of the leaders in village. In some degree, the politics of the insurance reflect different logics of the participant. The politics of the insurance is very common in the nation, many place has appeared the insurance was distributed by turn or relationship. Look from the angle of politics, the problem of fair distribution of the insurance is lacking of a feasible method. Adopt the method of electoral not only wasting time and energy,but also affect the unit of the village. The writer thought that when the village self-governance is still in the corner, democratic consultation can solve the problem of the distribution of the insurance. It is not only a supplement for democratic election, but also a surpass for democratic election. The essence of the election is the representation of the farmers. When they do something by election, they need a special rule. Compared with Democratic election, democratic consultation is easier in the village. It can represent the idea of the farmers more easily. When we are still in the way to find back the self-governance, consulted democracy has wider room of development.