Social Capital, Environment And The Livelihood Development Of Migrants In Poverty Alleviation

Since the eighty’s of the 20th century China has carried out the program of poverty alleviation and development and immigration in China’s "three west" area. The program has gained great achievements in the past 30 years, which has improved relocated farmers basic survival conditions, relieved the problem between human and land of emigrated places, and recovered the origin area ecological environment. So it has significant practical value to compare and analyze people’s livelihood from immigrate area to emigrated area.Before migration, limited by poverty resettlement place, Farmers livelihood capital is relatively weak. Depend on the area of land and the plantation, the more land they have, the better livelihood the have. So their livelihood method is single and weak. During this time, they get resources, which include human capital improved and physical capital increased.When they emigrate, they have to adapt to the new place. In the new background with support of natural and physical capital, some of them converse and exchange new relative abundant capital to expend their livelihood, which manifest from traditional single agriculture to conjunction type of growing and cultivation or multiple method, and have a better development. On the contrary, some others are limited by their original poverty capital, under the policy of non-farm they have little to do with their livelihood in new place. They have to engage in their original single growing work.From the overall emigration, the program has changed their livelihood from single growing to multiple living means. The different result of emigrating farmers depends on consistency between the stock quantity, quality and construction of livelihood capital and outside condition. When construction of capital consists with outside condition, farmers will have a good livelihood. Research suggests that with the change of outside condition and policy environment, farmers’ livelihood capital changes, so does their livelihood development. So in the future emigration program, the livelihood capital should be considered as an important factor to provide a more balance and which is consistent with the outside condition and policy environment support.