A Study On The Equalization Of Compulsory Education Between Urban And Rural Area On The Public Service Theory

Education, the lifeblood of the country, is related to the vital interests of the nation. Compulsory education is the right every citizen enjoys, but also the bounded duty we should shoulder. Compulsory Education Laws in the People’s Republic of China stipulates that compulsory education for all school-age children is a must and the state must protect the public welfare undertakings. However, the compulsory education to be equally enjoyed now has emerged differentiation due to the long-term urban-rural dual structure and regional non-balanced economic and social development, coupled with the present situation that the state financial support can barely be in place. This is not only reflected in the regional differences of the three regions, but also in rural and urban differences in the same area. Non-balanced urban and rural compulsory education is not only contrary to the existence of equalization fair, but also affect the efficiency and ultimately hinder economic stability for sustainable development and social harmony. Guangdong Province is the first to carry out reform and opening up of the provinces, urban and rural compulsory education is also the earliest differences manifested. Guangdong provincial government in the fall of2001establish a free children from poor families in rural compulsory education system miscellaneous books, and in2006took the lead in the country since the fall semester full implementation of free compulsory education in rural areas, enabling more than10.25million students to enjoy free compulsory education.The fund has increased from4.116billion yuan in2002to9.553billion yuan in2006and even reached10.961billion yuan in2007. These measures and fiscal subsidies benefit nearly10million families. Apart from that, the provincial public finance arranged a package of education funds with118billion yuan, of which10billion yuan is supposed to help strengthen the compulsory education in the far lagged-behind areas in the north,west and east of Guangdong.To some extent, these measures has alleviated the province’s urban and rural compulsory education differentiation. But how is the effectiveness in the long run? How is the status quo of the equalization of urban and rural compulsory education in Guangdong Province? What is the reason for the differentiation and how can we further narrow the gap to achieve equalization? This paper focuses on the equality in urban and rural compulsory education of Guangdong province.Quantitative and qualitative research methods, literature review are used to do further research on these issues, standing on the shoulders of our predecessors. First,it introduces the related literature on the topic of the urban and rural compulsory education and clearly defines the concepts related to the equality of the urban and rural compulsory education and expounds the relevant theories of urban and rural equal obligations. On this basis, this article used statistical analysis, a lot of data and charts to show the efforts made by the Guangdong government and also ponts out he problems still existing in balancing urban and rural compulsory education of Guangdong province. Then from two aspects of the resource input, output efficiency, it has carried on the empirical research on the equalization between urban and rural compulsory education in Guangdong.At last, the paper analyzes the deep reasons for urban and rural compulsory education differentiation in Guangdong province and puts forward some long-term and fundamental countermeasures to promote equal compulsory education between urban and rural areas in China.