Research On Clustered Multipath Adaptive Routing Protocol In Mobile Ad Hoc Sensor Networks

As the development of Micro-Electro-Mechanical Systems (MEMS) and wireless communication technology, wireless smart sensors based mobile ad hoc wireless sensor networks have attracted the attention of national scholars and industry. Compared with the traditional wired networks, the mobile ad hoc wireless sensor networks have a distinct advantage: because nodes of the networks have the ability of moving, so this type of networks are more flexible and can coverage more wider areas, and without any infrastructure the nodes of the networks can communication with each other; besides, it have more balanced energy consumption; and so on. However, mobile wireless sensor nodes generally have some disadvantage attributes, such as limited storage space constraints, bandwidth-constrained, limited energy supply, and the arbitrary movement of the nodes, and so on. How to design the networks protocols properly according to the intrinsic characteristics of the sensors is the important and challenge issues that we must consider.Before considering the grim properties of mobile ad hoc wireless sensor networks fully, in order to realize the following subjects:improving the reliability of data routing, increasing the throughput and the available bandwidth of the networks, achieving a balance of energy consumption, and reduce end to end delay, this thesis propose a cluster-based and cross-layer collaborative multi-path routing protocol, which combines the advantage of the clustering structure and multi-path routing. The content of this thesis mainly include the following aspects:(1) establishing the clustered structure of4-hops,(2) creating the node-disjoint multipath routing,(3) solving the problem about multipath routing, such as packets disorder problem, with the help of transmission control protocol.(1) Establishment of4-hops cluster model. In mobile ad-hoc wireless sensor networks, cluster creation consists of two phases:the first phase is created by the source node in the cluster, in other words, the first cluster consists source node and the distance between the source node and the head of cluster is one hop; The second stage is that creating the cluster structures around the cluster concurrently. Because considering of the stability of the cluster structure and the energy balance of the nodes during the process of cluster creation, so the established cluster structure has some advantages, such as high stability, node balance energy consumption, and so on. During the maintenance procedure of cluster structure, it takes into account the side effects, i.e.,"chain reaction" of the cluster structure, and introduces the "DEPEND" state of the node; therefore it can greatly reduce the "chain reaction" side effect of the cluster structure.(2) The process of creating node-disjoint multipath routing. On the basis of the creation of the cluster structure, the route search process considers the cluster structure as a unity, i.e. the routing path is consisted of the component--cluster structure, which is represented by the head of each cluster structure. Establishment of multi-path routing mainly consists of three parts: establishing multipath routes in the destination cluster head, establishing multipath routes in cluster structure, establishing multipath route between clusters. In order to maintain the reliability of the path between clusters, the middle cluster also maintains the route between gateways in the same cluster structure. In this way, it enhances the reliability of communication within the same cluster. What’s more, multi-paths are established between the cluster structures. As a result, the routing reliability is guaranteed greatly.(3) Processing the packet disorder problem in the side of source node. In order to mitigate the packet disorder problem of multi-path routing protocol, this thesis proposes a "parity class" based method to transmit packets in the source nodes.Through the analysis of the simulation results, it can draw a conclusion that the proposed protocol in this thesis has achieved good results in packet delay, packet delivery ratio, routing request frequency and system throughput.