Design And Deployment Of Wireless Sensor Nodes For Island Monitoring System

There are a large number of islands in China, some of them are rich in oil, gas, fisheries and some are important hubs for maritime transport. The islands are playing an increasingly important role in national economic development, national security and other aspects. When natural and man-made disasters happen, people and the infrastructures on the island will be in danger since the public transportations to some of the islands are inconvenient. There is an urgent need for reliable, stable, long-term island monitoring system which collects the meteorological and hazardous gases, dust, fire and other parameters in real time and sends out wirelessly to the data center in order to achieve early warning of the disasters. The monitoring system provides an assurance for the economy and maritime traffic of islands to run smoothly.With the rise and rapid development of the open source hardware, the Arduino has gain great attention since it is simple to use and available to anyone. Enthusiasts from all over the world share their fantastic hardware and software design based on Arduino on the Internet. The Arduino healthy and fast growing community provides rich and powerful resources for everyone, some of which are novel to develop sensor nodes.The thesis proposes an island monitoring system utilizing the wireless sensor network technology. Two powerful new sensor nodes called NESCduino and NESCduino Mini are developed based on Arduino platform. NESCduino and NESCduino Mini include solar charging module, wireless transceiver module, energy management module, real time clock module, SD card module, GPS shield, etc. The communication protocol is ZigBee and supports point-to-multipoint topology, self-routing, self-healing, fault-tolerant mesh routing capabilities and various levels of security. Specially designed software allows the end nodes to sleep when not working so as to save energy. Finally, the printed circuit boards (PCB) are made with Eagle software, and fabricated with all the electronic parts and components assembled. Tests have shown that the island monitoring system can get the real time sensor data and work reliably in the outdoor island environment, meeting all the specifications required.