The Analysis Of Spatial Distribution And Optimization On Rural Settlement In Anfu County Of Jiangxi Province

China has a huge number of rural populations.Rural residential areas accountsfor a large proportion of construction land.It can be predicted rural settlements willcontinue to be the primary form of settlement for farmers for a long time in the future.Nowadays，there are many problems in the use of rural constructive land such asincompact land use structure，the large amount of land per person，the low plot ratio，the low ratio of land utility and so on. On the other hand，the contradiction betweensupply and demand of constructive land is deepening and the need to protect farmlandis more and more prominent.The spatial distribution adjustment and rural residentialarea optimization can play an important part on relaxing the contradiction betweenincreasing demand for construction land and the need to protect farmland，rationalutilization of rural constructive land and new countryside construction.The paper takes Anfu County as a case. The essay is intended to find reasonableapproaches for rural residential area optimization on the base of studying thelandscape pattern of rural settlements in Anfu County. The main conclusions are asfollows:(1)The basic data is processed by GIS.The landscape pattern of rural settlementis to be viewed at two levels：Landscape pattern dynamics and its regional differenceby using the landscape index method. The results showed that:the scale and density ofrural residential areas increased significantly with the development of rural social andeconomic. Second, rural residential areas show the general expansion in thedistribution with small scale of centralized residences. Third，the fractal features ofrural residential areas tend to incompact. Fourth， There are obvious areadifferentiation on the concentration of spatial distribution and the dominance.Thecompact ratio is not obvious during different areas.（2）The influencing factors of spatial distribution are studied by using thelandscape index method,quantitative and qualitative study.And the essay tends to study the changes of the influence power at a comparative analysis of two groups ofdata（1996，2010）. The results showed that the spatial distribution of rural settlementis influenced by natural environment，production conditions and social and economiccondition. Second, the expansion of rural residential areas tends to areas with flatterterrain, better transportation infrastructure and more developed economicenvironment.（3）The essay designs a evaluation system for suitability evaluation of the ruralresidential areas based on niche theory.And the influencing factors’weights aredetermined with AHP and expert interview. Single index quantitative analysis andmulti-factors comprehensive suitability evaluation of the rural residential areasaretaked with GIS.The study areas are divided into four types.There are the highlysuitable type, the medium suitable type, the lowly suitable type and the unsuitabletype.（4）According to the landscape pattern characteristics and suitability of ruralresidential areas, we put forward four adjusting modes. There are keydevelopment-oriented type，moderate potential type，restricted expansion type andgradually removing type. At last, some measures and suggestions for the differentmodeswere proposed.