Agricultural Water Price Reform

According to the theory of western economics, the market mechanism is divided into three types: the supply and demand mechanism, price mechanism and competition mechanism, the price mechanism is the most important and the most basic. The price can reflect the degree of scarcity of products, so the market through price changes can be effective allocation of resources, optimize the allocation of resources efficiency. At present, China’s agricultural water price formation mechanism is not perfect, the price is lower than the market price, resulting in a serious waste of agricultural water resources.In this paper, based on the public goods theory, property right theory, the cooperative economy theory knowledge and theories as the basis of the research, defines the connotation and extension of agricultural water resources, agricultural water price, water user association. Comprehensive use of empirical analysis, normative analysis, model analysis, discusses the methods to develop specific measures to the reform of agricultural water price reform of agricultural water price, and the dilemma of agricultural water price reasonable, conclusion of the study are as follows:(1) The price of water resource includes water resources price, engineering price and environmental price. Water resources regulation, water price of project cost, environment cost compensatory. As the special water resources, agricultural water resources are scarce, the positive externality and smaller price elasticity of demand. These characteristics of agricultural water resources determines the formation mechanism and the agricultural water price formulation method, principle of agricultural water price.(2) Agricultural water resources are exclusive, externality, divisibility, profitability, and the transfer of the co.. The transfer of property rights of agricultural water resources is helpful to improve the efficiency of the allocation of agricultural water resources, agricultural water rights transfer through the market mechanism, can make up for the agricultural water resources management in the "government failure". To attract private investment to the public water conservancy project, improving agricultural water resources engineering operation and maintenance.(3) Since the founding of new China, the agricultural water price in China has gone through the public free of charge for water and water supply, water price policy of gradual reform and to the several stages of the true cost of close to the water supply. At present, China’s agricultural water price reform in a dilemma, on the one hand the agricultural water accounts for the proportion of agricultural production cost is not low, in promoting the reform of agricultural water price on the cost as the core, may affect the grain production. On the other hand, the agricultural water price is low, there is a lot of water, a lot of water, a large number of water leakage phenomenon. If not for the agricultural water price reform, farmers and agricultural water management units have no enthusiasm to save water, continue with the flood irrigation method, is not conducive to the protection of agricultural water resources. At present, the main problems are: the price of agricultural water price standard and the yield is low, the actual water heavy burden; measurement method is not reasonable is not conducive to the formation of the water-saving incentive mechanism; the definition of water rights is not clear lead to excessive exploitation and utilization of water resources, ride fees phenomenon is serious; irrigation and water conservancy facilities is not perfect; the agricultural water resource management legislation is not perfect.(4) Agricultural water price in line with "the compensation cost", "the reasonable allocation of government regulation and the market", the principle of combining the reform, to try to build to reflect market price of agricultural water resource scarcity. There are two main ways of water fee charged for water, ultra scale progressive increase, the price ladder, wet and dry season water price and seasonal price fluctuation. Measurement of water with "as the center of the water resource" and "farmers with sustainable development as the center" the water resource. Two kinds of measurement methods are different, but the final price will be used. The final price of agricultural water users, from the source of water supply to water head and bear only a price, can effectively curb the final ride fees in the process of water supply.(5) Aiming at a series of problems in the reform of agricultural water price, this paper tries to put forward to promote the reform of agricultural water price policy recommendations: establish the reasonable agricultural water price subsidies, improve agricultural water price and government subsidies to farmers to promote the combination, save water, reduce water supply cost, lighten the burden on farmers; the establishment of agricultural water price reasonable sharing mechanism, by the state, local government, farmers and farmers’ income and other organizations or individuals for common reasonable burden of agricultural water supply cost, The benign circulation of agricultural water price mechanism-- protection of water resources in agriculture-- food security;To further promote the reform of agricultural water resources management unit, to ensure the healthy operation of large and medium-sized irrigation project, strengthen the agricultural infrastructure construction and information platform construction; development of WUA, regulation of irrigation area and farmers through the association of user interest, arouse the enthusiasm of various water supply pipe water; clear property rights, water rights and water price optimization to develop agricultural water price, and adapt to water; agricultural water resources management legislation and strengthen the feasibility and operability of legislation, improve water-saving awareness of farmers through publicity and education, so that every citizen has the water crisis, in order to improve the utilization efficiency of water resources, alleviate the crisis of water resource of our country to.