A Study Of The Widening Of The Income Gap Between Urban And Rural Of Chinese Residents Based On The Perspective Of Social Fairness

Since the reform and opening-up, economic has been developed rapidly, and income of residents has been improved in China. But the income growth rates and the incremental quantities of the residents are different between the urban and rural areas, and the income disparity is expanding gradually. According to the date, the Gini coefficient of China is0.16before the reform and opening-up, and the Gini coefficient was more than0.3in1990, and then remained on the rise, and the Gini coefficient of China is0.473in2013, and greatly exceed the warning limit. The Unreasonable income distribution system expand income disparity and extreme disparity between the urban and rural areas, the conflictions and the contradictions that initiated by the system are not only the economic issue, but also a political problem, it affects the development and steadiness of social. The residents’incomes are the most important problem in the era, and fair distribution means the starting point of fairness and social justice. Correctly handle the fair problems of the income distribution, reduce income disparity, improve the income distribution system, and ensure the justice of rights, opportunities and distribution, they are not only about "improve the living standard comprehensively", but also about achieving the goal of "social justice" and "common prosperity". According to the research of this article, it can provide the references for reducing income disparity, advance the social justice, it can also provide the way of achievement and solution for the "reform income distribution system, promote the equalization of basic public services" that proposed by The Third Plenary Session of the eighteen.Domestic and foreign scholars has scored great successes on the research of income gap between urban and rural residents, in this paper, based on the summary and induction of the results of these scholars, according to the China statistical yearbook and other relevant data, use the method of comparative analysis and statistical analysis to explore the problems of income gap between the urban and rural residents. Unfair income is a complex economic problem, it is also a complex social problem, reformation of income distribution system is an arduous task in China, impact the basic value that maintain the social fairness. There is the common results of various reasons about the widening income gap between the urban and rural residents, and the conclusion may not be consistent if we analyze the problems from a different perspective, So comprehensively, deeply and objectively analyses the causes of residents’ income gap, takes a different solution in the view of different reasons, need the support of social justice theory.In this paper, based on the thought that ask questions, analyze questions and solve questions, and try to deeply analyzed the reasons of problem that income disparity is expanding between the urban and rural areas, from the perspective of equitable powers, fair chances and fair rules, and proposes a solution. The structure of this paper is:firstly, the paper expounds the background and meaning, explain the social justice theory and the income distribution theory in a systematic way, and the research status and review both at home and abroad, and take the context, thought and solutions in this paper. Secondly, this paper analyzed the expression of problem that income disparity is expanding, between the urban and rural areas from the overall gap, the residents’ income of urban, and rural residents’ income gap, and discussed the negative effects of urban and rural residents’ income gap.Thirdly, from the perspective of the social fairness, this paper deeply analyzed the reasons of problem that income disparity is expanding from the perspective of equitable powers, fair chances and fair rules. Finally, proposes a solution for achieving the fairness of social and income disparity.This paper studied and analyzed the problems that income gap is expanding between urban and rural residents and drew the conclusions from the social perspective:Firstly, the problems that income gap is expanding between urban and rural residents, it shows the expanding trend among urban and rural areas, urban residents and rural residents. And the excessive income gap affects economic development, industrial structure adjustment, social identity, social mobility and public safety. Secondly, there are many reasons for the urban and rural residents income gap is widening. On the one hand, it will inevitably produce income gap as China’s socialist market economic system established, the competition of market, the selection principle. On the other hand, due to the influence of traditional concepts, and income distribution policy and system is not perfect in the process of economic transition in China, it shows in the unfair rights, unfair opportunities and unfair rules, and it causes the imbalance of income distribution, some groups has high income, the income gap between urban and rural residents are expanding constantly. Thirdly, in the perspective of social justice, this paper makes some solutions to narrow the gap from the unfair rights, unfair opportunities and unfair rules. First of all, pay attention to fair rights, eliminate discriminations, and give equal rights to laborers. Next, pay attention to fair chance, accelerate the process of urbanization, we must deepen the reform of the education system. Finally, pay attention to the rules of fairness, standardize the order of income distribution, deepen the reform of tax system, and establish the perfect the social security system.