Anylasis Of The Northeast Rural Ebtor-creditor Relationships In 1920s To 1930s

The relationship of rural debtor-creditor mainly refers to the economic relations,which established between farmers and nongovernmental financial organizations by negotiating during the process of borrowing behaviors. It has a long history and it is closely related to farmers’ social and economic life of the financing behaviors throughout life, which is also the key to rural problems in China.This article mainly investigates the various behaviors between traditional debtor-creditor relationships of China’s rural northeast, including the overall condition of rural debit and credit within its causes, forms, and mode of operation. Based on the comprehensively investigation to the northeast countryside debtor-creditor relationships,the author hopes to restore the full view of the related history.Looking from the overall condition of the northeast rural debtor-creditor relationships, most of the debt burden on farmers with a higher Debt ratio than the rest of the country.When we look from the composition of both sides, the peasants are in debt from the layer of poor peasants to landlords, and the poor peasants are the main body of it.Lending sources are mainly private, shops and pawn broking of financial institutions and private borrowing accounts for a large proportion in lending sources. From the perspective of the reasons why the peasants raise a loan, we can roll out that the reason why the debtor-creditor relationships is quite active is poverty. And poverty is mainly due to the contradiction of population and land, the natural disasters and multifarious reasons.The penniless peasants have to borrow to make living. From the perspective of forms,the loan mainly includes credit lending, mortgage borrowing, productive borrowing,consumer lending and the loans made off by repayment method. And the important part of traditional rural lending, pawn broking, is also made a delicate investigation. All of these constitute the entire network of northeast rural lending.On the basis of the analysis above, a conclusion is drawn that the influence of the northeast rural lending relationships is unity of opposites. It has bad effect, and at the same time, it also can regular the economy. On one hand, the peasants lost their land,their families, and finally ruined. On the other hand, it objectively provided funds for agricultural production and peasants’ life, extended the lives of the peasants who need to borrow and promoted the simple reproduction of agriculture. Besides, this article analyzes the basic features of the northeast rural debtor-creditor relationships and makes a comparison with the rest regions of China.Its characteristics not only have the common characteristics of feudal debtor-creditor relationships, but also the special features of its special historical environment.I hope that the research of the northeast rural debtor-creditor relationships could make a correct view of it. While showing the economy decline phenomenon of rural northeast,we can provide lessons for the development of modern rural finance.