Economic Benefit And Social Economics Analysis On Penaeus Vannamei Farming

Penaeus vannamei is also known as white-leg shrimp. It was widely consumed because of its good taste and rich nutrition. Recent years, with the virus diseases happened to shrimp aquaculture, P.vanamei was used as substitute of P.monodon for aquaculture and made a great success. In 2012, the aquaculture production of P.vanamei in the world was 3.178 million MT,accounting for 99.96% of the total shrimp production. The FAO statistics showed that white-leg shrimp farming were adopted in 38 countries of the world. And white-leg shrimp aquaculture production reached 145300 MT in China, which ranked the top 1 in the world.There were 64 farms investigated in Shanwei, Jiangmen of Guangdong province, Beihai of Guangxi province, XiaPu, Changle of Fujian province.The economic benefits of white-leg shrimp farming was analyzed by using cost-benefit analysis. The results showed: variable cost was the large part of expenditure, accounted for 77.70%, in which, feed costs has the highest percentage, accounted for 47.48%. Seed cost came to the second, accounted for 11.77%. The proportion of fixed costs was reported low percentage. While the investment of infrastructure was high, the depreciation was low due to the long life of the facilities for white-leg shrimp farming.Analyzing the cost structures of eco-pond and intensive tide-pond models, result showed that the total costs of tide-pond model was higher than eco-pond model. It indicated that stocking higher density required higher input cost. According to the farm size, three intensity types were settled for the analysis:Small (<20mu), medium (20-100mu), large scale (>100mu). The results showed that small-scale farms had higher cost-benefit ratio, while the large-scale farms has lower cost-benefit ratio.The economic benefits were evaluated by using net income, cost-profit ratio,and input-output ratio. Result showed that, tide pond model had greater advantages in net income, cost-profit ratio,input and output ratios, compare to eco-pond model.It also indicated that tide pond model had higher economic benefit, and implicated that intensive tide pond was the future model for promotion.Comparing the economic benefit of three kinds of scales, the middle scale (20 to 100 mu) had shown higher advantage in net income, cost-profit ratio, input and output ratios. It indicated that the farm size of white-leg shrimp farming should be controlled in a reasonable scale, in order to achieve great success in increasing production and gaining higher benefit.To analyze the the social benefits of white-leg shrimp farming,57 white-leg shrimp farms,41 fish farms,36 shellfish farms, and 40 sea algae farms were investigated. The household consumption, farmer’s characteristics were analyzed. It was concluded that white-leg shrimp farmers household consumption was higher than the others. Comparing the consumption structure, white-leg shrimp farmers had higher level than other producers in terms of food and non-food consumption. White-leg shrimp farmers had lower consumption in staple food, and high protein foods, fruits, dining out were higher than other farmers. White-leg shrimp farmers’necessary goods consumption was a bit lower in Non-food consumption. White-leg shrimp farmers had lower proportion of food consumption, and the Engel coefficient was also low. It was showed that white-leg shrimp farmers’life quality was higher than other farmers, which had greater contributions in meeting the demand of people’s life and improving the quality of life.According to the analysis of labor force, structure, gender, and age, white-leg shrimp industry had certain effect in promoting the rural employment,and the income improvement in rural area. There still exixted a lot of restrictions and potential in attract young labors. There were high percentage of workers, instead of technicians from the family. Men workers accounted for 78.78%, while women only 21.36%. There was high potential of white-leg shrimp farmers to enhance the role of women, through developing shrimp processing and provide service in the farm management. According to the survey, the age structure of farmers age group of 41～50,31～40 were accounted for 55.23%,30.66% respectively. The proportion of young people was too low.Finally, this paper had suggested policy on shrimp aquaculture sustainable development, through optimize the aquaculture model structure, industrialization and promotion of ecological aquaculture, in order to achieve better the economic, social and ecological benefits.