Experimental Research About Learning In Subjective Game Theory

In the past research of classical game theory or evolutionary game theory, they were all assumed that the form of rule of the game was exogenously given, players could only choose the strategies in the established situation. As a result, they cannot solve the problem that the endogenously evolution of forms or rules of the game. Subjective game theory assumed that the players didn’t have all the knowledge about the game form or rules, their cognition of game was originated from the process of repeated game by inductive learning, and then formed the subjective opinions about the game. The subjective opinions subjective will evolve because of the players’ strategy innovation and eventually "locking", it is also an evolution and formation process of game form or rules. So the subjective game theory can help us to solve the problem of "specification of confusion" or "standard vacuum" in current society.However, the earlier institution research with subjective game theory also faces some challenges. On the one hand, the power of evolution and origin of institution without deep discussion, On the other hand, although many researches have made some achievements, but they are only in the form of theory, these results still lack of sufficient empirical basis. Presented in recent years and till in the process of development, the subjective game theory or inductive game theory suggests a novel analysis perspective. The theory assassin that, the norms are origin from the interaction of the game players with limited information, it is endogenous and will be evaluating with the change of the rule or formation of the game. The most important point of this theory is that, the appearing of norms relying the learning of the bounded rational players. They not only learn how to play the game, but also learn the game itself. But it also needs further experimental research. Thus, as a mature research method, the economic experiments became the main tools of us.Therefore, this research is based on the subjective game theory and economic experiment theory. It will analysis the mechanisms of formation and evolution of the social norms, providing substantial microeconomic foundation for designing a more reasonable system. The main content of this research is as follows:(1) Introduce the theories of the research background, research methods and innovations. Theoretical part mainly includes the subjective game theory and its learning mechanisms, theory and method of experimental economics. (2) Design a human society based on subjective game theory and economic experiment and conducts the experiments. Through observing the interaction of players participating the experiments, analysis the factors that may affect the players cognitive the rules or the form of the game. The results can provide a more substantial empirical basis to existing theories. (3) Introduce the prior knowledge learning model to the subjective game theory. It is the first time that analysis the role of the prior knowledge in the experiment. In the realistic, people often use the lessons got from the experience to solve the new problem. So we studied the significant of prior knowledge in the construction of social norms. This research also put forward how to improve social cooperation and integrity by social norm mechanism.The innovation of this paper is the following:(1) Subjective game is a new kind of theory in researching the social norms, but there is no experimental research explore it. This paper will study the role of the subjective theory in the generation and evolution of social norms. (2) Subjective game assumes that the players have no knowledge about the game form or rules, but this article introduce the prior knowledge to the experimental study, accessing how it affect the game learning process. This is a new theoretical expansion. (3) Research the social norms in the experiment on endogenous construction perspective and put forward a preliminary opinion about construction of norms, in order to guide people to design more effective systems, which is not mentioned in the literatures.Through the study of this article could conclude that:(1) The social norms are deriving from the reality. Only construct socials norms according to the reality, it can be a kind of believe of people and likely to significantly improve the efficiency of social.(2) When players face the new game scenes, the prior knowledge which they got from the past life can effectively help them learn the rules of the game. This suggests that game learning is closely linked to the prior knowledge. So when devote to construct norms, must consider the important influence of traditional social values. At the same time, we also found that when pliers with prior knowledge, Internet technologies also have a significant impact on the formation and evolution of social norms.(3) The market is not always effective in construction of social norms; sometimes social norms derive from market or social practice also exists Pareto improvement space. At this point, it needs the government take administrative measures or economic means to regularize the behavior of people timely. At the same time, the government need use a variety of channels to prompt the effect of information release and the formatting of new social norms.