Study On Changes Of Glacial Landforms In Ny-(?)lesund, Arctic

The glacier is a sensitive indicator of climate change. Svalbard area is one of the most obvious and the most rapid special geographical location, because it located of special geographical position. The research on the region can help in understanding the relationship between the arctic sea ice and global climate change. For a long time, geomorphic research of the regional is very weak in the base of the research. The research level is very unbalance. Using remote sensing and geographic information technology to study in Ny-?lesund glacial chronology. Although this is restricted by some factors, it became a kind of effective means of research clearly.Due to the effects of global warming, the region glaciers are retreating in full, and the corresponding moraine and water landscape is also faced with the rapid evolution process, the formation of the region a variety of landscape types and disappear. Its coverage of the earth's surface above the ground after glacial retreating, glaciation formed through a large number of composed of clastic moraine. At the same time, the effects of the run off in the process of melting ice, handling accumulation, and changing its characteristics of landforms. Running water produced by the process of melting glaciers flows to the sea or ice lake. This has effect on the landscape flowing through the area. In Ny-?lesund, due to warmer than the global average, glaciation and runoff is very strong, making the study of glacial landscape change is no longer limited to the large time scale, the small time scale of modern glacier landscape changes is also extremely important research significance. This article mainly to Ny-?lesund of the arctic as the research area, using remote sensing and geographic information system technology. on the basis of interpretation, different physiognomy types, vector quantization analysis different physiognomy types of elevation, relief, gradient and slope direction features, and then to the region in 1936 2015 glaciers, ice moraine landscape dynamic change were studied. And analyzing the characteristics of climatic variation of Ny-?lesund, discusses glacier landscape changes in response to climate change. Paper main research results and conclusions are as follows:1. Based on 1:100,000 topographic map making in aerial data in 1990, the glacier area of 54.41 km², accounting for 25.3% of Ny-?lesund area, moraine landscape area of 20.22 km², accounting for 9.58% of the Ny-?lesund area, landscape water area of 8.23 km², accounting for 3.90% of Ny-?lesund area and other landscape area of 128.31 km², accounting for 60.76% of the Ny-?lesund area.2. Visual interpreting 3 glacier Landsat images in 1985, 2000, 2015, and making sure the range of the glacier and moraine landform, combination based on 1:10,0000 topographic map in 1936, founding that almost 80 years in new Ny-?lesund region the glacier is constantly shrinking, moraine landscape showed a trend of expansion. From 1936 to 2015, in Ny-?lesund, glacier has decreased 17.57 km², the average decrease rate of 0.222 km²·a^-1, glacier area decreased by 26.8%, average annual retreat at a rate of 0.34%·a^-1; In 1936-2015, moraine landscape area increased 17.32 km², the annual average increased at a rate of 0.219 km²·a^-1. Moraine landscape increase area accounted for 98.58% of the area of the deglaciation.3. In Ny-?lesund from 1985 to 2015, characteristics of climate change in the region: the annual average temperature increases volatility, linear trend was 0.11 ?·a^-1, consistent with the trend of global warming; Rainfall fluctuations in the coming thirty years, the overall rise, linear trend of 3.9 ml·a^-1.4. The rising of temperature is the Ny-?lesund area of glacier in a shrinking state and glacial till expansion main impact factor; the precipitation is not the main factors.5. From 1936 to 1936, deglaciation, moraine expansion, deglaciation after converting most exposed areas of moraine landforms, glacial retreat the expansion of the large area of ice moraine landform area, deglaciation speed to the expansion of the large ice moraine landform. As temperatures rise, and intensified deglaciation, the process, converting glacial moraine landform area shows the tendency of increasing.