On Historical Stages Of Technological Development

The development of ancient technology mainly depends on the accumulation of experience.Here the accumulation of experience refers to the one concluded by somebody using certain kind of technology,or what's more,the one concluded by the efforts of some generations or even dozens of generations.In the primitive society,those technologies were discovered by accident and some even contained the mystery of witchcraft.That kind of technology was not based on science,not to mention the scientific constructions.There's one more important cause accounting for the slow development of ancient technologies,which is the "closure".In primitive times,when people found out some sort of technology unintentionally,they would forget about that quickly for the lack of accumulativeness.However it would take people a long time to find out that technology again,and so forth.People won't take advantage of that technology until it integrated into people's life.It was a prolonged process and at that time,the technology was of no transmissibility.Till the ancient period,technology had unveiled its mysterious witchcraft.It was no more mystery.It's easy for us to see from documents and records that almost all technologies shared with one thing in commom.They circulated in a mongline way,with which technologies were passed from fathers to decendants,or from masters to apprentices.In a certain field,people who had one kind of artistry were often linked with special relations.Sometimes they were from a same family or clan,or their master was from that family or clan.In a way,that artistry was almost monopolized by the family or clan.With the rapid development of technology,the relationship between science and technology seemed to be the dancing partnership.A technology was no more possessed by one certain group of labors or one certain working process.What's more,it was not only used in a specific field.Technologies were owned by more labors.This system of great openness endowed the technology with characteristic of "socialization".Science was no longer a mirage and it was built upon the basis of technology.Science began to serve for technology.Then the relation between the two went into a new era,which was"the phase of interation".In many fields,the contemporary technologies are often created by the theories.They are not the same as modern technologies.Modern science is developed on the basis of modern technology.While as for the contemporary technologies,things are different in some areas.Take the electromagnetism as an example,Farady found that the movement of electric charges could generate magnetic field.Maxwell had concluded the electromagnetic principle.Without the founding of electromagnetism,there will be no longer the existence of electrotechnics.If we say Newton put together the law of motion both in heaven and on earth and achieved a first combination in the scientifc history,then Maxwell achieved the second combination by integrating electricity and photology.The principle of electromagnetics is applied to most of the modern equippments we use today.We can see that in this field,it is the development of science that creates and breaks new ground for technology.That is to say,the contemporary science and technology are closly related and the development of science drives to the development of technology,and vice verse.It's not like modern technology in which science mainly plays the role of improvement and optimization.