The Establishment Of A Practical Quantum Channel

With the more and more perfection of quantum theory and the further study on quantum computation and quantum information, the advantages of quantum theory to the research of information science has attracted more and more attentions. For example, improve the speed of information processing, increase the capacity and security of information, etc.. Us-ing a unique quantum phenomenon to complete the information process is called quantum information process. Quantum communication is one of the important quantum information processes in which quantum coherence is used to transmit information, it is an important branch in the field of quantum information science.We will make a general introduction to the research background of quantum information in the introduction part of this paper. Chapter 2 introduces the basic concepts of quantum information, as a basis for the following chapters. In chapter 3, we will introduce sever-al classical quantum communication process. Although a number of schemes for quantum communication have been proposed recently, it is still an open question about establishing a stable quantum channel with high capacity. Unlike the efforts to realize n-body entangle-ment resource, in chapter 4, we propose and analyze a secure quantum channel composing of maximally entangled Bell pairs. This channel can reject illegal eavesdroppers via a designed entanglement swapping process, and it can be applied in mainstreaming quantum information schemes with no barriers. We show its advantages on capacity and stability by comparing with existing n-body entanglement channel. In particular, one can realized a real-time shar-ing of information utilized this channel. We also briefly explain recent experimental advances allow us to realize our channel at last. In chapter 5, we propose an experimental proposal for RSP of a arbitrary 4-dimension single-photon state in real Hilbert space, the quantum channel is composed of a prior shared hyper-entangled photon pair that simultaneously en-tangled in spin angular momentum (SAM) and orbital angular momentum (OAM). We also explain the feasibility of all related measurements and operations. which can be realized by a serious linear photonic elements in experiment.