Community Structure Of Birds In Yangzhou City

In the process of urbanization,great changes have taken place in avian living environment that their natural habitat has been replaced with the urban construction land.Those urban habitats,in which birds living,compared with the natural habitat have highly landscape heterogeneity of habitat fragmentation,the low degree of patch connection and the characteristics of huge human disturbance degree.Because of the much different between urban habitat and natural habitats,the urban avian ecology has become the important topic in urban construction,but so far there are shortage about bird community in Yangzhou city.In this study,firstly we surveyed the kind of birds in Yangzhou city,compared avian community with the data in 1980 and analyzed the effect of urban construction on the avian community composition;then measured the difference among the three different kind of habitats,analyzed the relationship between the environmental factors and the avian community characteristics and determined the main factors influencing the avian community;finally supplied the data for urban construction and bird conservation in Yangzhou city.The results were as follows:1)Total of 140 species were recorded,they belonged to 53 families and 14 orders including 75 species for passeriformes(53.57%),65 species for non-passeriformes(46.43%).According to the classification of residence type,resident birds were 49 species(35.00%),summer birds were 35 species(25.00%),winter birds were 29 species(20.71%),passengers were 27 species(19.29%).By the life-type category,poultries were 75 species(53.57%),waders were 26 species(18.57%),swimming birds were 20 species(14.29%),scansores were 10 species(7.14%),raptors were 5 species(3.57%)and terrestrial birds were 4 species(2.86%).2)The survey results comparing with data in 1980 showed that 51 species appeared in history,but did not record(new-observed)in this survey,50 species did not see in the history,but found in this survey.Among the new-observed species,passeriformes were 23 species,non-passeriformes were 28 species;non-observed passeriformes were 13 species and non-passeriformes were 37 species;The new-observed summer species were 13,winter species were 7,resident species were 17,passenger species were 14;the non-observed summer species were 11,winter species were 16,resident species were 4,passenger species were 19.The new_observed poultries were 23 species,waders were 13 species,swimming birds were 9 species,scansores were 4 species,raptors were 2 species;the non-observed poultries were 14 species,waders were 13 species,swimmings were 11 species,scansores were 6 species,raptors were 5 species,terrestrial bird was 1 species.Further analysis found that Strigiformes and Caprimulgiformes had not new observed species,however the Ciconiiformes and Charadriiformes had numbers of new observed species,passing birds had larger changes and most species disappeared;the winter birds had more non-observed than new-observed;some summer birds disappeared,but their number had not large change;the disappearance of the resident was less than new-observed which including songbirds,the many birds of prey species disappeared and new species of the wader increased;in addition to the songbirds and waders,new-observed species was more than non-observed for other type of birds.3)Urban’s avian community of diversity index,evenness index,dominance index had highly significant difference with those of the city park area and rural area.However,there were no different between city park area and rural area for them.City parks mainly provided habitat for local resident and rural areas mainly provided habitat for migratory birds.4)Relative analysis between avian community characteristic parameters and environmental factors showed that area,line area,city center distance and noise index had significant different among three habitats.Average height and density of canopy layer,densities of shrub layer and grass layer,and building index had significant different between the urban area and the city park or rural area,but they were no significant different between the city park and the rural area.Human disturbance had no significant different between urban area and city park,but had significant different between urban area and rural area.Analysis of multiple linear regression between avian community characteristic parameters and environmental factors showed that all of diversity index,evenness index and richness had a positive correlation with area,line area,densities of canopy layer,shrub layer and grass layer,and city center distance,had a negative correlation with human disturbance and building index;dominance index had a positive correlation with line area,densities of canopy layer,shrab layer and grass layer,had a negative correlation with building index.5)The avian community characteristic parameters had significant correlation with area of sample region,multiple linear regression analysis showed that the bird community diversity index,evenness index and the richness(species)added with the increase of sample region area,this accorded with the prediction of island geography hypothesis.The results indicated that there were 140 avian species in Yangzhou city and the large change happened in species of goose yard,falcon,plovers yard,and the stork nearly 30 years.The city park and village area had high avian diversity,city park supplied the enough food and habitat for local birds and the village area supplied the space for migrating birds.The plant was the main factors of influencing the avian diversity,and consecutiveness and richness of arbor-shrub-grass were useflul to avian diversity.