Comparative Analysis Of The Four Last Enzymes In The Biosynthesis Of Chlorophyll And Bacteriochlorophyll

This study summarizes the progress of the works in developing methods that bring information to betterunderstand the mechanism of Chlorophyll/Bacteriochlorophyll biosynthesis,emphasizing four enzymes in last steps of this process.The biosynthesis of Chlorophyll?Chl?/Bacteriochlorophyll?Bchl?is essential for the occurrence of photosynthesis where these four different enzymes catalyze some of the last chemical reactions steps to biosynthesize the Bchl/Chl,they are:the Light-Dependent Protochlorophyllide?Pchlide?Oxidoreductase?LPOR:EC 1.3.1.33?,the Light-Independent Pchlide oxidoreductase?DPOR:EC1.3.7.7?,that are responsible for the reduction of the C₁₇=C₁₈ double D-ring in the tetrapyrrole configuration of Pchlide to form Chlide.Chlide Oxidoreductase?COR:EC 1.3.99.15?is responsible for the reduction of C₇=C₈in the B-ring?Bchl?,and Divinyl Reductase?DVR:EC 1.3.1.75?reduces the C₈ vinyl group in 8-vinyl-Chlidea.In this review,the most important discoveries related to the mechanisms,structures and interactions with other,that were made so far,are brought,and the sequence of these enzymes are compared with each other,and sequence alignment,phylogenetic and molecular evolutionary analysis of all the four enzymes were conducted with the aim to find their levels of similarities.The comparative analysis done with MEGA 6,confirmed the higher similarities between DVR,DPOR and COR,alsowith Nitrogenase enzyme,sharing several common characteristics,and the LPOR is the one with fewer similarities with them all,and the enzymes sequence comparison showed newconserved regions.