| City open space refers to the public space outside the city.It is the open space outside the city construction entity,including green space,square space,hydrophilic space.City open space is the green infrastructure with the natural and socio-economic attributes,ecological and environmental protection,recreation,science education and production functions.An important component of city lake belongs to the open space,and it plays a very important role on the city's natural environment,artificial environment.The construction land demand forms competition with city open space,and it carrys conflicts between the city economy development and city ecological and environmental.Therefore,city construction,protection and function of open space has become the core content of city ecological environment protection.It is the research hotspot and frontier field at home and abroad city geography.Suzhou is a typical characteristic of the Yangtze River delta.Since the reform and opening up,with the rapid development of social economy,the process of urbanization is speeding up in Suzhou.With the rapid urbanization,the ecological environment of Suzhou is facing great pressure,and the preservation of the characteristic landscape is greatly threatened.It is of great significance to optimize and construction of open space landscape pattern of Suzhou that researchs on the development of different characteristics of open space pattern in each stage of the Suzhou city,extracts the spatial relationship between city lakes and urban areas,and the degree of openness of existing lakes and the enter degree law.Therefore,this paper chooses Suzhou open space and lake openness as the research object.Using new technology and method of modern geographic information science,this paper discovers and explores spatial distribution characteristics and evolution law of Suzhou open space and open lake.It provides scientific basis for the planning and management departments at all levels of decision-making.The main work of this paper is summarized as follows:(1)The spatial data of the open space in Suzhou were extracted.Firstly,in this paper,ENVI 5 is used to carry out the additive fuse,atmospheric correct,geometric precision correct and clip study section in the RS dates of year 1995,2005 and 2015.It establishes the classification system of open space in Suzhou based on related research at home and abroad,and then performs Decision Tree classification of RS images.Then this paper does visual interpret and corrects the vector graph of Suzhou open space with ArcGIS 10.1,based on the map of Suzhou(1:600000)and historical images on Google earth.(2)Pattern and evolution characters of open space in Suzhou:setting the geometric center of Gusu as the urban center,constructing systems of 45° sector and 5km ring layers,the paper analysis open space by 8 sector systems,6 circle layers and 6 administrative districts.The paper calculates CA,PLAND,MPS,and PD in different time and districts with Fragstats 4.2 and calculates Equalization Index and Evenness Index in Excel,in order to analysis the main characteristics and regional evolution characteristics,the driving force of the pattern evolution of Suzhou open space.(3)The quantitative analysis of the openness of lakes in the central urban area of Suzhou in 2015.Firstly,based on the Google Earth images in 2015 and the Suzhou map,the paper extracts the Blue Line,Green Line,and Gray Line,pedestrian road,driveway and the open space around the lakes in the research area with ArcGIS 10.1.Then we mark off the spatial relationship between the lake and the central city based on“Urban spatial development boundary",and then establish and calculate the relevant indicators of the degree of openness of the lakes.Finally,using GIS tools,Euclidean distance analysis and kernel density analysis,we can get the quantified results of the open degree of 18 lakes and perform spatial analysis.Through the above mentioned methods to conclude:(1)1995-2015,the quantity and the area of CA(except agriculture and forestry land,waters)had experienced considerable growth in Suzhou.We divide the study area into several parts(8 sectors,6 ring layers and 6 administrative districts),through the calculation we can know that the majority of open space,specially park,attached green space,open grassland and so on,which have strong correlation with citizens' leisure activities.The Equalization Index of these open space are large,and variation of the area of different kind type of open space in different partitions is significant.While during the 20 years,the Evenness Index had a very big promotion,constantly reaching 1 and the spatial distribution gradually tends to balance the trend.(2)Through calculating the opening index of the 18 lakes in central urban area of Suzhou,we can conclude that:the near-water fronts in central urban area of Suzhou are abundant of landscape resources.The more approach to the down town;the proportion of open space is higher.And overall per capita in Suzhou can enjoy the lake open space at a high level,the degree of openness of Industrial Park around the lakes are more prominent than other regions.According to the division of administrative regions in Suzhou,the total area of the open space around lakes(TOS)and the total waterway length(TWL)can exhibit regular,consistent spatial development overall,area of open space in north-south is larger than east-west.Divide all the lakes into“The lake in the city(SPI)”and“lake on the edge of the city(SPII)”,the degree of openness of two types of lakes index were compared,we can know that the this two types of lakes are in the same intensity of development,the total area of open space and per capita lake open degree. |
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