Design And Application Of Integrated Monitoring Station For Ice-Snow Process Variation On Antarctic Ice Sheet

This topic is an application and research aimed to carry out fixed-point monitoring of ice-snow process variation on Antarctic ice sheet,which is funded by ?The comprehensive investigation and assessment of Polar Environment?(ID: CHINARE 2015-02-02)and the National Natural Science Found Project(ID: 41176080).98% of the Antarctic continent is covered with snow and ice.The study of the material balance of the Antarctic ice sheet is not only important for the reconstruction of paleoclimate history,but also contributes to the phenomenon of global warming leading to glacier melting,and therefore,the study of the material balance of the Antarctic has become a hot topic at home and abroad,which is an important indicator of the past and present situation of the ice sheet.At present,there are many methods to measure the ice material balance at home and abroad.There are three kinds of field measurement methods,such as the flower bar method is used to measure the snow surface height difference in a region to gain accumulated snow surface data,the snow depth gauge method can measure snow surface height by using ultrasonic waves,the snow pit/ice core method can obtain material balance information by digging snow pit or drilling ice core sample measurement of chemical content.These technical methods have been widely used,although there is shortcoming affected by the Antarctic environment,but these methods have been continuously improved and become more mature;the acquisition of material balance information for large spatial scales mainly relies on satellite remote sensing technology,and it can provide substantial real-time data for material balance calculations.In short,it is difficult to obtain comprehensive and detailed information due to the multi-scale change of the ice material balance with time and space,so the method of measuring is varied.This paper mainly uses the influence factor of material balance to measure its physical quantity,and ultimately contribute to the study of material balance.The material balance of the ice sheet includes the input and output of the ice material,whose output is divided into surface snow and ice sublimation and ice melting,etc;and its input is mainly the accumulation of snow.When the ambient temperature is longer than the melting point of the snow,the snow becomes part of the ice sheet after a long evolution.Therefore,the amount of snow accumulated is an important parameter to study the material balance,which has a rapid response to changes in the Antarctic climate.And the ice surface temperature,wind,solar radiation,altitude and so will affect the accumulation of snow,such as the accumulation of snow has undergone great changes due to wind erosion on the ice sheet surface and solar radiation in the near ground,so the measurement and analysis of these physical quantities can also reflect the material balance of the ice sheet to a certain extent.In view of the above problems,the 10 m long temperature chain is designed to measure the temperature of the shallow ice in the Antarctic ice sheet,and a comprehensive monitoring station for the snow and ice process is integrated.It includes temperature chain,wind speed sensors,wind direction sensors,light sensors,ultrasonic sensors,to achieve the measurement of temperature,wind speed,wind direction,solar radiation,ice and snow accumulation and other physical quantities,and these data are returned to the domestic through the wireless transmission system.Finally,we develop monitoring software to achieve a remote real-time view,query data and trend curve changes.During the 32 nd Antarctic scientific expedition in China,five sets of monitoring stations have been successfully installed by the researchers from Zhongshan Station to Kunlun Station,and three sets were successfully installed during the 33 rd Antarctic expedition.In this paper,the solar radiation,wind speed,wind direction,atmospheric temperature,height change of snow surface,and temperature of shallow ice were analyzed and compared with the comprehensive monitoring stations installed at Kunlun station and Taishan station.And the authors conclude that the amount of snow and ice accumulated changes in the region for one year and the main influencing factors of ice and snow accumulation,which reflects the material balance of Antarctic ice sheet and provide some basic theoretical support for predicting global climate change.