The Research Of Quantum Secure Communication Over Noise Channels

By taking the advantages of some special properties of quantum mechanics(Heisenberg uncertainty principle,quantum no cloning principle,non orthogonal state indiscernibility theorem and quantum entanglement,etc.),quantum communication can achieve unconditionally security and have been attracted much attention in recent years.On the basis of quantum key distribution,quantum secure direct communication and deterministic secure quantum communication has been designed through the constant innovation of quantum communication,which can realize the direct communications of secret message witho ut the pre-shared secret key.In addition,there is a kind of quantum communication scheme called controlled quantum communication,in which a third party can control the communication.These protocols greatly enriched the form of quantum communication.Quantum dialogue is an important branch of quantum communication,which can realize the mutual exchange of secret messages between two communicants by combines the thought of quantum secure direct communication and deterministic quantum secure communication together.At present,most of existing quantum dialogue protocols are based on entangled quantum resources,the quantum channels is ideal and the two communication parties be provided with the full quantumness.However,in the actual environment,the preparation of entangled quantum resources requires a high cost,and the single photon is more practical than entangled particles.Furthermore,the effect of noise is unavoidable in the actual quantum channel,and the communicant may not have the full quantum ability.Therefore,the research on quantum dialogue needs to be further improved to meet the needs of practical applications,and this paper mainly dwells on the research of practical quantum dialogue protocol.Firstly,an efficient,secure and universal quantum dialogue protocol was designed based on the thought of deterministic secure quantum communication.Under the ideal environment,2-bit secret message was carried on a single photon in the initial encoding,the communication efficiency was improved;under the noisy environment,the logical qubit and four-particle DF state were introduced for resisting against the collective-dephasing noise(collective-rotation noise)and arbitrary collective unitary noise,respectively.Meanwhile,the efficiency achieved by the proposed scheme is alsohigher than existing similar protocols.Moreover,the security of the proposed protocol was guaranteed by the identity authentication and the application of four novel unitary encoding operations,which are different from the encoding operations used in existing quantum dialogue and cannot be discriminated unambiguously with only one opportunity.Finally,the protocol is universal,specifically,the whole process of communication is same under the ideal and various collective-noise environments,as long as the quantum resources have been adjusted according to the different environment correspondingly.Subsequently,a semi-quantum controlled dialogue protocol based on Bell states was proposed,the dialogue is controlled by a third party and in which a communicant could be classical(a user can only resend the particle and measure,prepare the particles in the computational basis ? 0,1?).The current research on semi quantum communication protocol is still in the initial stag.There are few studies about semi-quantum controlled dialogue in the ideal and noisy environment,and the proposed scheme is applicable for the ideal channel and collective-dephasing noise channel.The security analysis shows that the protocol can resist three kinds of typical attacks:intercept-resend attack,measure-resend attack and entangle-measure attack,and can resist collusion of two communicants and eavesdropping of controller.Furthermore,the efficiency analysis shows that the proposed scheme achieved the basic communication efficiency.