| In recent years, with the development of livestock and poultry, the production of livestock and poultry manure has become more and more large. Livestock and poultry manure is rich in N, P, K and other nutrients, due to improper handling, causing great pollution to the ecological environment and it is also a waste of resources. Under the support from the country, biogas project is developing fast as an effective way to deal with the livestock and poultry manure. As a result, a large number of biogas residues and slurry are given widly attention. Besides containing a lot of constant elements contained in the biogas residues and slurry, it also contains a large amount of trace elements, antibacterial material, a variety of enzymes, amino acids, plant hormones, etc. If a large number of biogas residues and slurry can't be handled properly, they will cause secondary pollution to environment which are also a waste of valuable resources. This experiment through investigation and study, analyzing the difference of the nutrient content in biogas residues and slurry in the biogas pool which raw materials are duck dung, pig manure and cow dung respectively, analyzing the changes of nutrient content in different raw materials before and after fermentation. Through pot experiment, to study the biological effects of different biogas slurry with different raw material and its concentration in Tomato Cultivation. The main conclusions are as follows:The total nutrient content of biogas residue with pig manure as raw material decreased by 6.05% compared with pig manure. The total nutrient content of biogas residue with duck manure as raw material decreased by 38.1% compared with duck manure. The total nutrient content of biogas residue with cow dung as raw material increased by 42.3% compared with cow dung. Content of total N(2.70%), total P(1.93%), available N(mainly by NH4+-N,0.23%), available P(16.68mg/kg) in the biogas residue with pig manure as raw material are highest, content of total K(1.38%) and available K(12.27mg/kg) are highest in the biogas residue with cow dung as raw material. K is lower in biogas residue with pig manure as raw material(total K 0.62%, available K 2.53mg/kg). The inorganic nutrient in the biogas slurry with three kind of raw materials is lowest. In three kind of biogas slurry, content of total P, total K in biogas residue are highest with cow dung as raw material. Content of total N in biogas residue are highest with duck manure as raw material. Content of total N, total P, total K in biogas residue with pig manure as raw material are all lowest.Content of organic matter in biogas slurry is lowest.In three kinds of biogas slurry, content of organic matter is highest in biogas slurry with cow dung as raw material(1.72%), which can not only provide P, K elements, but also provide rich organic matter to improve the physical and chemical properties of soil. Humic acid in organic matter ratio has little difference among three kind of biogas residue.The application of biogas slurry can increase the content of N, P, K and organic matter in soil, affected by application ratio. Content of available Fe, Mn, Cu and Zn in soil are affected by the type and application rate of biogas slurry. The impact of biogas slurry with duck manure as raw material on available Fe and Mn in soil is greater(content is 13.0mg/kg~14.8mg/kg, 1.6mg/kg~2.3mg/kg), and content is highest according to 1:3 application. The impact of biogas slurry with pig manure as raw material on available Cu and Zn in soil is greater(content is 1.28mg/kg~1.86mg/kg, 5.46mg/kg~8.26mg/kg), and content is highest according to 1:3 application. The impact of biogas slurry with cow dung as raw material on available Fe, Mn, Cu and Zn in soil all is the lowest, the best application effect is 1:3(its content is 13.2mg/kg, 0.97mg/kg, 1.40mg/kg, 3.87mg/kg).Biogas slurry can promote the growth of potted tomato height and stem diameter. Biogas slurry can not only increase the content of chlorophyll, the number of flowering and fruit growing but also increase aboveground biomass of plant(21.2g~102.5g) and yield(114.5g~476.7g). Biogas slurry with cow dung as raw material has the best effect. In terms of application ratio, a significant increase in aboveground biomass of plant is the application of 1:9 in duck manure biogas slurry, 1:6 in pig manure biogas slurry and 1:9 cow dung biogas slurry, increased by 76.1g, 73.3g, 102.5g. The application ratio which has biggest impact on yield of this three kinds of biogas slurry is 1:6, the yield per plant increased by 360.8g, 456.9g, 476.7g.Biogas slurry can promote the content of N, P, K nutrients in stems and leaves of tomato plants. Under different treatments, the contents of N, P and K in stem and leaf were different. Applying biogas slurry can promote the content of Fe, Cu, Zn, Ca, Mg in stems and leaves of tomato plants. The effect of different application ratio on medium and micro nutrient elements was different. Using duck manure biogas slurry and cow dung biogas slurry can significantly increase the content of Mn in stem and leaf, besides, the best ratio is 1:3. Mn content increased by 128.3mg/kg, 31.5mg/kg in stem, 256.8mg/kg, 90.8mg/kg in leaf. Using cow dung biogas slurry has little effect on the content of Mn in stem and leaf.Compared with using chemical fertilizer, biogas slurry can increase the contents of Vc, lycopene, total sugar, total acid, increased by 4.90mg/100 g, 1.48mg/100 g, 0.39%, 0.31%. It can also reduce the content of nitrate in tomato fruit, reduced by 1.44%. So that, it can improve the textures and quality of tomato significantly.The effect of matching application of Biogas slurry and chemical fertilizers is significant. Biogas slurry can replace part of chemical fertilizer, improve the property of soil, increase yield and benefit, improve the quality of tomato, besides, it can save production cost, reduce the harm on the ecological environment caused by the excessive application of chemical fertilizers. |
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