| Red kojic rice is a traditional fermentation product fermented by monascus with rice as the main fermentation substrate,which is both medicine and food.Highland barley's nutrient has characteristics of high protein, high fiber, high vitamin, low fat, and low sugar.And ?-glucan,one of the main active ingredients of highland barley, has capacity to clear bowel,regulate blood sugar and lipid levels, and improve the immune function of the body.Tremella is a kind of medicinal and edible mushroom, being famous in China.And it is rich of nutrition, and has a variety of physiological functions,such as falling blood sugar and lipid levels, anti-cancer, anti-tumor and immunity regulation.In order to comprehensive utilization of active materials from monascus,highland barley and tremella respectively, in the present study, a mixture of highland barley and tremella was used as fermentation substrate to develop highland barley and tremella monascus(HBTM) by Monascus ruber CGMCC 3.5834;and highland barley and tremella monascus teabag and tea were developed. The qualities of developed products were analyzed as well.In addition, the immunocompetence of the polysaccharide of HBTM was preliminary identified by investigating of cytochemistry shape and quantitative analysis.The main research methods and results and conciusions of this study are as follows:(1) The optimized process parameters of HBTM were determined by single factor experiment and orthogonal experiment with using Monacolin K(MK) value as the index.The optimized fermentation conditions were p H value of water soaked highland barley4-6,highland barley's cooking time 30 minutes,concentration of substrate 18g/250 m L, ratio of material to liquid 1:0.3, inoculation quantity 10%, fermentation temperature 30?, time 16 days.And the optimized fermentation medium ingredients were highland barley/tremella mass ratio of 3:1, concentration of appendant glucose 1%, NH4NO3 1%, Mg SO4 0.2%, KH2PO40.1%, Mn SO4 0.25%, Zn SO4 0.05%, Fe SO4 0.05%. The MK production produced by experimental stain could reach to(1003.468 ± 23.11) ?g/g under the optimized process condition.(2) The optimized process of highland barley and tremella monascus teabag,determined by single factor experiment,Plackett-Burman design, steepest ascent and response surface experiments with sensory evaluation as the index,was as follow:highland barley of 20 to 40 mesh was added water according to the ratio of material/liquid of1:0.8,being dried at 75? for 40 minutes after being stewed 30 minutes,and then was baked at190? for 10.5 minutes after being crushed to the size of 40 mesh to 60 mesh,being mixed with sterilized HBTM powder which at the same size according to the ratio of 4.2:1 after cooling.Finally,the mixed was packed on the size of 3 g/bag.And the optimized moldingprocess of highland barley and tremella monascus tea, determined by screening experiment of factor levels with sensory evaluation,was as follow: the mixed of HBTM powder over 120 mesh and highland barley power which being processed according to the process of highland barley and tremella teabag and being crushed to the size over 120 mesh was been extrusion molding after adding 0.5% guar gum solution according to the solid-to-solution ratio of1:0.9.And the preform was dried at 60? for 2 hours and sterilized at 135? for 1 minute.(3) The results of quality analysis on HBTM,highland barley and tremella monascus teabag and tea showed that the concentration of protein,MK and polysaccharides of HBTM were higher and color value of HBTM was lower than highland barley monascus,red kojic rice and highland barley. And HBTM,highland barley and tremella monascus teabag and tea all conformed to quality requirements.(4) The immunocompetence of the polysaccharide from HBTM was preliminary evaluated by comparing with the effects of polysaccharides respectively from tremella, red kojic rice and highland barley on the morphologies, cell proliferation, phagocytosis against neutral red, nitric oxide(NO) production, and cytokines production(including IL-1?, IL-6,and TNF-?) in RAW264.7 cells in vitro. The results showed that the polysaccharide from HBTM could stimulate mice macrophages, and maked the cell proliferation and phagocytosis increase,and caused the producion of NO, IL-1?, IL-6, and TNF-? enhancing markedly. In general, promoting effects of polysaccharide from HBTM on each experimented index were higher than others. When polysaccharide were at the concentration of 400?g/m L,effects of HBTM polysaccharide on NO,IL-1? and IL-6 production were similar as that of LPS which at the dose of 5?g/m L. And the relative effects of HBTM polysaccharide on cytokines could be order as TNF-? > IL-6 > IL-1?. In a word,comparing with the polysaccharides from tremella,highland barley and red kojic rice respectively,HBTM polysaccharide had a stronger immune-adjustment function. |
PDF Full Text Request