| The serious agricultural nonpoint source pollution has led to the deterioration of the ecological environment in rural areas and restricted the sustainable development of agriculture, which is the bottleneck of China's modern agricultural development. It is urgent to control the agricultural non-point source pollution to protect existing agricultural resources, build a better living environment, and improve the quality of agricultural products. From 2014, with the support of the World Bank loan Guangdong agricultural nonpoint source pollution control projects, the agricultural non-point source pollution control was carried out in Jiangmen, Huizhou cities in Guangdong Province. Taking a series of integrated pest management measures in rice production, for the set goal was "reduction pesticide, controlling pests, insurance products, environmental protection" through the five years. In this study, through questionnaires, interviews, field surveys, sampling, etc., according to the requirements of the World Bank loan project PMP monitoring indicators, the systematic surveys were conduct of participating in the project areas in Jiangmen City contained Taishan, Enping, Kaiping counties, and in Huizhou City contained Boluo, Huiyang counties and Huicheng District, a total of 6 counties 12 towns 92 village rice field farmers, agricultural enterprises and government departments. The project objects is to evaluate the implementation of the project's combined effect of the protection of agricultural environment, improve the quality of agricultural products, improve the quality of farmers' awareness of environmental protection for two years. The aims to medium-term evaluate the effects of project implements, provide decision basis to improve adjustment programs for government. The main results are as follows.Part1. Total of 1271 farmers in this survey questionnaire, and none of them used insecticidal lamps, lure insects board or predators products in rice pest and disease control, with 100% farmers used the high efficiency and low toxicity pesticides, and 74.52% farmers use of biological pesticides. 92.54% farmers planted resistant rice varieties. Most farmers know frog, but them have a low level of awareness of predatory mites, syrphid flies, parasitic wasps, white(green) anisopliae in general. From the pesticide use point of view, the average of pesticides usage was 4.89 times from sowing to harvest. The spraying times complied with the general requirements of rice pests and disease control, thus was 1 or 2 times less than common spray habit. Moreover, there no use of I type pesticide or unregistered ones in project location was observed. In other indicators, the farmers which follow the method recommended was 100%, but few protective measures would take when they spraying. In pesticide storage methods survey, the vast majority of farmers expressed bought pesticides according to the size of the plots and used immediately. About 96.19% farmers choose fixed storage places that to avoid contact with the elderly, children and poultry, if there has not run out phenomenon. In addition, the recovery rate of pesticides waste was not obvious. The recovery measures such as giving back to store, thrown to scrap heap and no recovering each accounted for 1/3.Part 2. The survey results were investigated the pests and diseases situation of each region and the number of nature enemies. The most important disease on rice were sheath,rice blast, bacterial leaf streak disease, the rice smut. The main pests were planthoppers, rice leafroller, boring borers, rice tarsal line mites, and the main natural enemies are spider, Cyrtorhinus lividipennis, hoverflies.Part 3. Sampling rice in the project area and determine of pesticide residues, the determination object was according to the World Bank projects. Pretreated by solid phase micro extraction brown rice on two seasons, As used this pre-treatment method can determine six kinds of pesticides one-time, and recoveries were 76% ~ 130%. The determination of dichlorvos, acephate, omethoate, dimehypo, triazophos can use gas chromatography(GC) and by high performance liquid chromatography(HPLC) to determine tricyclazole. The minimum detectable quantity of each pesticide in the GC is 0.1 ng ~ 5 ng, tricyclazole at the minimum detectable quantity of HPLC was 10 ng. The determination results for some of the locations of pesticides can be detected but not excessive phenomenon. It represents the project area paddy pesticide residues was up to the standard.Part 4. Establishment of analytic hierarchy process as an evaluation method, to determine the evaluation index system and weights and through the consistency test, establish pesticide non-point source pollution assessment level, and then use this indicators and level to evaluation results. The results showed that the project management effect is excellent in Haiyan, Encheng, and Niujiang towns, and have good effects in Duhu, Cangcheng, Magang, Yangcun, Hengli, Ruhu, Pingtan, and Liangjing towns, however, the effect on pesticides non-point source pollution control is unsatisfactory in Futian town in Boluo county. |
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