New Methods Of Synthesizing Heteroatom-Containing Compounds Catalyzed By Iron(?) Phthalocyanine Chloride

Metallophthalocyanines (MPcs) and their derivatives have excellent optical and electrical properties, physical and chemical stability and photostability for their unique structure. Phthalocyanines (Pcs) can be applied not only in the traditional dye, but also widely used in organic photovoltaic materials, non-linear optical elements, photodynamic therapy, gas sensor materials and electrocatalysis. The structure of Pcs is as similar as the structure of porphyrin which plays an important role in the organism redox process. Therefore, MPcs have been extensively studied as a substitute of metal porphyrins as catalyst. Currently, MPcs can perform a variety of catalytic reactions, including oxidation, reduction and coupling reaction.Pyrazole derivatives have been extensively used in the core structure of biologically active compounds, and the synthesis method has been widely concerned by scientists. The second chapter, an oxidation-aromatization of ?,?-unsaturated ketones with hydrazine hydrate catalyzed by iron(?) phthalocyanine chloride has been described. The protocol provides a general and efficient approach to the synthesis of 3,5-disubstituted 1H-pyrazoles (21 examples, up to 95%) at room temperature. Furthermore, this catalyst can be recovered and repeatedly used without loss of catalytic activity. This method offers several advantages including easily accessible materials, simple work-up procedure, mild reaction conditions and broad substrate scope. We present a credible reaction mechanism by separation of intermediate.Sulfones are ubiquitous bioactive molecules, and they are important intermediates in organic synthesis. The third chapter, an efficient method for the synthesis of sulfones catalyzed by iron(III) phthalocyanine chloride has been described. The protocol provides a general and efficient approach to the synthesis of sulfones (24 examples, up to 96%). This method offers several advantages including low cost reactants, convenient operation, efficient reaction and broad substrate scope. We present a new reaction mechanism which was possibly different from other inferences reported previously.