Fabrication Of Carbon Nanofibers/Nobel Metals Hybrids For The Detection Of Heavy Metal Ions

The sustainable development strategy of human beings suffers severe threat along with the aggravation of the environment issue.As an important aspect of water environment pollution,heavy metal pollution has received widely attention.However,it is of great difficulty to deal with heavy metal pollution but effective prevention due to its high toxic and easy accumulation.Design and develop an approach for the detection of trace heavy metal ions is still the way of science and the key of sustainable development.The electrochemical technique has several advantages and has been widely applied in environment monitor.As the keypoint of electrochemical technique,the design and construction of electrode materials is the focus in current research.Noble metal nanoparticles?NPs?exhibit high surface activity,selectivity and chemical activity and have been extensively used in environmental protection and chemical industry filed,etc.In addition,bimetallic nanoparticles performed higher electrochemical activity owing to interface effect;carbon nanofibers?CNFs?exhibit high conductivity,large specific surface area and excellent stability and higher electrochemical activity widely used as extraordinary carrier materials for nanoparticles loading.Therefore,the fabrication of noble metals nanoparticles loaded on carbon nanofibers hybrids?NPs/CNFs?via an electrospinning technology and in situ thermal reduction was studied and applied in the detection of heavy metal ions in this article.The main points are as follows:?1?The Au nanoparticles loaded on carbon nanofibers?AuNPs/CNFs?hybrids was prepared via an electrospinning and in situ thermal reduction technique,the morphology and structure of hybrids were studied by scanning electron microscope?SEM?and transmission electron microscope?TEM?.The research suggested the extraordinary dispersity and the diameter was 5-15 nm of AuNPs.The AuNPs/CNFs hybrids was used as working electrode for the simultaneous detection of Cd²⁺,Pb²⁺ and Cu²⁺ with a low concentration of 0.1 ?M by square wave anodic stripping voltammetry?SWASV?method in an electrochemical workstation.In addition,the deposition potential and deposition time was optimized and the relationship between the peak currents and the concentration of metal ions was studied and the reason of excellent electrochemical performance of hybrids was also explored.?2?To further increase the electrochemical activity,we introduced another metal element and structured bimetallic nanoparticles.An extraordinary electrode material,the CNFs supported PtAuNPs?Pt AuNPs/CNFs?hybrids were fabricated via the same strategy.The morphology and structure of Pt AuNPs/CNFs hybrids indicated that the hybrids were composed of homogeneous CNFs and dispersed PtAuNPs.The PtAuNPs/CNFs film was used as a self-supported material and directly used for the detection of heavy metal ions,more,the simultaneous detection of Cd²⁺,Pb²⁺ and Cu²⁺ with a low concentration of 0.1 ?M and the amazing electroanalysis of Pt AuNPs/CNFs hybrids in the detection of heavy metal ions was also explored.?3?Based on the previous research of noble metal,we expand the other noble metals like Pd and Co and expect the excellent electroanalysis of the fabricated hybrids.The CNFs supported PdCoNPs?PdCoNPs/CNFs?hybrids were prepared with the similarity method.The main influence factor of the morphology and structure of hybrids was studied deeply,such as the concentration of precursor and solvent.The PdCoNPs/CNFs hybrids exhibited extraordinary surface morphology and used for the detection of heavy metal ions.The electroanalysis of PdCoNPs/CNFs hybrids in the detection of heavy metal ions was described and performed.